{"id":10953,"date":"2018-10-29T03:17:01","date_gmt":"2018-10-29T03:17:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/?p=10953"},"modified":"2024-05-28T02:57:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T02:57:11","slug":"learn-chinese-pinyin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/learn-chinese-pinyin.html","title":{"rendered":"Learn Pinyin: illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>There are many tips and articles on the importance of learning Pinyin for mastering Chinese. Learning Pinyin is an essential stage that cannot be skipped. For a general overview of Chinese Pinyin, you can check out this <a href=index-25.html>Chinese Pronunciation Guide<\/a>. Below is a detailed illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"overview\">Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Pinyin is a system of symbols for the phonetic notation of Chinese characters. Each Chinese character has a corresponding syllable composed of three parts: the Initial, the Final, and the Tone. In the Chinese Pinyin system, there are 21 initials, 36 finals, 2 semi-vowels, 4 basic tones, and 1 light tone.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"21-pinyin-initials\">21 Pinyin Initials<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>b<\/td><td>p<\/td><td>m<\/td><td>f<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>d<\/td><td>t<\/td><td>n<\/td><td>l<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>g<\/td><td>k<\/td><td>h<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>j<\/td><td>q<\/td><td>x<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>z<\/td><td>c<\/td><td>s<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>zh<\/td><td>ch<\/td><td>sh<\/td><td>r<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>(You can check the <\/em><a href=index-147.html><em>Pinyin Chart<\/em><\/a><em> for the pronunciation of each initial.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"36-pinyin-finals\">36 Pinyin Finals<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>a<\/td><td>o<\/td><td>e<\/td><td>er<\/td><td>ai<\/td><td>ei<\/td><td>ao<\/td><td>ou<\/td><td>an<\/td><td>en<\/td><td>ang<\/td><td>eng<\/td><td>ong<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>i<\/td><td>ia<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>ie<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>iao<\/td><td>iou<br>(iu)<\/td><td>ian<\/td><td>in<\/td><td>iang<\/td><td>ing<\/td><td>iong<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>u<\/td><td>ua<\/td><td>uo<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>uai<\/td><td>uei<br>(ui)<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>uan<\/td><td>uen<br>(un)<\/td><td>uang<\/td><td>ueng<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u00fc<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u00fce<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u00fcan<\/td><td>\u00fcn<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>(You can check the <\/em><a href=index-147.html><em>Pinyin Chart<\/em><\/a><em> for the pronunciation of each final.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are 6 main finals in the table of finals: a, o, e, i, u, \u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Others are called compound finals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It`s said that the Final is the most important part of a pinyin syllable. We can`t compose a syllable without the final part. Sometimes, the final itself can be an independent syllable without the initial.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rules-about-spelling\">Rules about spelling:<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>1. The three compound finals, \u201cuei\u201d, \u201ciou\u201d, and\u201cuen\u201d, are composed of \u201cu+ei\u201d, \u201ci+ou\u201d, \u201cu+en\u201d, &nbsp; We should compress the syllables as \u201cui\u201d, \u201ciu\u201d, and\u201cun\u201d in writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9 right, correct: [du\u00ec] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [du\u00e8i]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u79cb autumn\uff1a[qi\u016b] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [qi\u014du]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6625 spring\uff1a[ch\u016bn] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [chu\u0113n]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. When the finals \u201ci\u201d, \u201cin\u201d, \u201cing\u201d, and \u201cu\u201d form pinyin syllables by themselves without any other initials, \u201cy\u201d and \u201cw\u201d should be put before these finals respectively to make it as \u201cyi\u201d, \u201cyin\u201d, \u201cying\u201d, and \u201cwu\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00 one\uff1a[y\u012b] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [\u012b]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u97f3 sound\uff1a[y\u012bn] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [\u012bn]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e94 should\uff1a[y\u012bng]<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [\u012bng]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e94 five\uff1a[w\u01d4] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [\u01d4]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. The compound finals with \u201ci\u201d or \u201cu\u201d as the beginning and which form syllables by themselves, the \u201ci\u201d and \u201cu\u201d should be changed as \u201cy\u201d and \u201cw\u201d in writing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7237 grandpa: [y\u00e9] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [i\u00e9]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211 I\uff0cme\uff1a[w\u01d2] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [u\u01d2]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Rules about \u201c\u00fc\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a final that begins with \u201c\u00fc\u201d meets \u201cy\u201d in one syllable, the two dots of \u201c\u00fc\u201d should be omitted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9c7c fish: [y\u00fa] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [y\u01d8]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6708 moon, month: [yu\u00e8] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [y\u00fc\u00e8]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The final \u201c\u00fc\u201d cannot be spelled with the initial \u201cj\u201d, \u201cq\u201d or\u201cx\u201d. Thus, when \u201c\u00fc\u201d, or the finals that begin with \u201c\u00fc\u201d, meets one of the three initials, the two dots above \u201c\u00fc\u201d should be omitted. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3e hold: [j\u01d4] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [j\u01da]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53bb go\uff1a[q\u00f9] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [q\u01dc]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b66 study\uff0clearn\uff1a[xu\u00e9] <span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u221a<\/span>,&nbsp; [x\u00fc\u00e9]<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u2179<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>5. When the second syllable begins with \u201ca\u201d, \u201co\u201d, or\u201ce\u201d in a word, the two syllables should be separated by the mark (\u2019). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5148 first [xi\u0101n]&nbsp; VS \u897f\u5b89 Xi`an [x\u012b\u2019\u0101n]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tones\">Tones<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Tone is an aspect of learning Chinese which can be difficult for many learners. Many Chinese characters share the same Pinyin syllable but have different tones, and therefore have completely different meanings.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-basic-tones\">The basic tones:<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-1st-tone\">The 1st tone: <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(<strong>\u2014<\/strong>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p>It`s pronounced very high and level with a natural prolonging. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0101, \u014d, \u0113, \u012b, \u016b, \u01d6<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-2nd-tone\">The 2nd tone:<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> (<strong>\/<\/strong>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p>It`s pronounced as a rising sound, from low to high, which sounds like asking a question. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00e1, \u00f3, \u00e9, \u00ed, \u00fa, \u01d8<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-3rd-tone-%25e2%2588%25a8\">The 3rd tone: <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(<strong>\u2228<\/strong>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p>When pronouncing this tone, you should first fall down and then go up; it is a relatively long tone. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u01ce, \u01d2, \u011b, \u01d0, \u01d4, \u01da<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-4th-tone\">The 4th tone: <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">(<strong>\\<\/strong>)<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p>This tone is pronounced short and strong and is a falling tone. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00e0, \u00f2, \u00e8, \u00ec, \u00f9, \u01dc<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"neutral-tone\">Neutral tone<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>Besides the basic tone, there is another special tone which is called the light or neutral tone. It has no tone mark in writing and it`s pronounced very light and short. It`s usually used as the last syllable of a word or a phrase, such as \u8c22\u8c22 [xi\u00e8 xie] (thanks), \u5988\u5988[m\u0101 ma] (mom).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The tone mark should be put above the finals. When the final is a compound one, the tone mark is usually put above the main vowel which is based on the following order: \u201ca\u201d-> \u201co\u201d-> \u201ce\u201d-> \u201ci\u201d -> \u201cu\u201d-> \u201c\u00fc\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Related Reading<\/strong>: <a href=index-148.html>The Complete Tone Guide<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-rules-of-tone-changes\">The rules of tone changes<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>In a word or phrase, when a third tone is followed by another third tone immediately, it should be pronounced as a half-rising tone. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f53\u68c0 physical examination &#8211; [t\u01d0 ji\u01cen] <strong>-&gt;<\/strong> [t\u00ed ji\u01cen]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6211\u5f88\u597d I`m very good. &#8211; [w\u01d2 h\u011bn h\u01ceo]<strong> -&gt;<\/strong> [w\u00f3 h\u00e9n h\u01ceo]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While a third tone is followed by a first, second, or third tone immediately, the third tone should be pronounced as a half-falling tone. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f88\u65b0 very new &#8211; [h\u011bn x\u012bn]<strong> -&gt;<\/strong>[h\u00e8n x\u012bn]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f88\u5f3a very strong &#8211; [h\u011bn qi\u00e1ng]<strong>-&gt;<\/strong> [h\u00e8n qi\u00e1ng]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f88\u65e7 very old &#8211; [h\u011bn ji\u00f9] <strong>-&gt;<\/strong> [h\u00e8n ji\u00f9]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong> that the tone changes only orally, and the written version will keep the original tone marks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn about the <a href=index-149.html>Third Tone Change Rules<\/a> in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practice\">Practice<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>After learning the rules of Pinyin above, it`s time to do some practice. Try to pronounce the following syllable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=index-150.html><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"849\" height=\"210\" src=index-150.html alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/pinyin3.png 849w, https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/pinyin3-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/pinyin3-768x190.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Go through the course and <a href=index-151.html>master the pinyin system in 16 days<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are many tips and articles on the importance of learning Pinyin for mastering Chinese. Learning Pinyin is an essential stage that cannot be skipped. For a general overview of Chinese Pinyin, you can check out this Chinese Pronunciation Guide. Below is a detailed illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system. Overview Pinyin is a system&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[77,96,81],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-10953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn-mandarin-online","tag-beginner","tag-pronunciation","tag-speaking","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Learn Pinyin: illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system<\/title>\n
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She has a master's degree in Chinese Linguistics and Language Aquisition and has taught thousands of students for the past years. She devotes herself to the education career of making Chinese learning easier throughout the world.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/author\/jinn\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Learn Pinyin: illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/learn-chinese-pinyin.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Learn Pinyin: illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system","og_description":"There are many tips and articles on the importance of learning Pinyin for mastering Chinese. Learning Pinyin is an essential stage that cannot be skipped. For a general overview of Chinese Pinyin, you can check out this Chinese Pronunciation Guide. Below is a detailed illustration of the Chinese Pinyin system. 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