{"id":13379,"date":"2020-08-03T06:15:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T06:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/?p=13379"},"modified":"2022-05-04T05:26:29","modified_gmt":"2022-05-04T05:26:29","slug":"chinese-prefixes-and-suffixes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/chinese-prefixes-and-suffixes.html","title":{"rendered":"All About Chinese Prefixes and Suffixes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, we are going to take a look at a very practical part of vocabulary-prefixes and suffixes. You might find it a little bit odd because prefixes and suffixes sound like an English concept. However, it does appear in Mandarin Chinese too. As a beginner, you may not pay much attention to it, but as you get further into your studies, you\u2019ll learn that some characters add a specific meaning to certain words. For example, several words have the character \u8001 at the beginning, and some words have the same character \u5b50 at the end. Yes, those are actually Chinese prefixes and suffixes. Similar to English, prefixes and suffixes not only give you a clue to the meaning of the word but also provide an easy and fast method to expand your vocabulary, not to mention the cultural elements related to them.<\/p>\n<p>The formation of words is strongly linked to culture; it reflects the mindset of Chinese speakers. So here is a guide to several frequently-used prefixes and suffixes to help you explore this part of Chinese. We hope this guide will help your understanding of Chinese words and culture.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=other/_#pre\">Prefixes in Chinese<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#suffixes\">Suffixes in Chinese<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=index-1357.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download PDF Version<\/a><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"pre\">Prefixes in Chinese<\/h2>\n<p>In Chinese, prefixes are a grammatical element added to the beginning of a word, such as \u8001\uff0c\u5c0f\uff0c\u963f, \u7b2c\uff0cand \u521d. These prefixes must be combined with other characters to form a word and can\u2019t be used alone.<\/p>\n<p>For clarity and convenient reading, a chart of prefixes is provided below.<\/p>\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"13%\"><u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#lao\">\u8001 l\u01ceo<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td width=\"17%\">no meaning<\/td>\n<td width=\"70%\"><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u864e (<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> h\u01d4) &nbsp;tiger \/ <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u9f20\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> sh\u01d4\uff09mouse \/ <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u9e70\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> y\u012bn\u0261\uff09eagle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Respect<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5e08 (<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>sh\u012b.) &nbsp;teacher \/ <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u677f\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>b\u01cen\uff09boss, shopkeeper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>amity<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5f20\u554a\uff0c\u597d\u4e45\u4e0d\u89c1\uff01(<strong>L\u01ceo<\/strong> zh\u0101n\u0261 a, h\u01ceo ji\u01d4 b\u00fa ji\u00e0n!) Zhang, long time no see!&nbsp; <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u516c\uff08l\u01ceo\u0261\u014dn\u0261\uff09husband \/ <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5a46\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>p\u00f3\uff09wife<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Seniority<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5927\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> d\u00e0\uff09big brother, big cheese \/ <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u4e8c\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>\u2019\u00e8r\uff09the second child, ranking second \/ <strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u4e09\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> s\u0101n\uff09the third child, ranking third<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" rowspan=\"2\"><u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#xiao\">\u5c0f xi\u01ceo<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>no meaning<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u59d0\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> ji\u011b\uff09Miss \/ <strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u5fc3\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> x\u012bn\uff09to be careful \/ <strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4e11\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> ch\u01d2u\uff09Joker, clown \/ <strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4f4f\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> zh\u00f9\uff09to live \/ <strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u6c14\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> qi\uff09to be mean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>affection<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u674e\uff0c\u5e2e\u6211\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\uff08<strong>Xi\u01ceo<\/strong> L\u01d0, b\u0101n\u0261 w\u01d2 d\u01cey\u00ecn y\u00ed xi\u00e0.\uff09Lee, help me to print it. \/ <strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u8d3a\u554a\uff0c\u56de\u6765\u5566\uff01(<strong>Xi\u01ceo<\/strong> H\u00e8 \u0101, hu\u00ed l\u00e1i l\u0101!) He, you\u2019re back!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#a\">\u963f \u0101<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>affection<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u56db\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> s\u00ec\uff09the fourth child, ranking fourth \/ <strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u516d\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> li\u00f9\uff09the sixth child, ranking sixth \/ <strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u738b\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> w\u00e1n\u0261\uff09Wang (family name) \/ <strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u6b66\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> w\u01d4\uff09Wu (family name) \/ <strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u4e3d\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> l\u00ec\uff09li (nickname) \/ <strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u59e8\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> y\u00ed\uff09antie, a calling to other woman with similar age as your mother \/ <strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u5a46\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> p\u00f3\uff09grandma, a calling to other elder woman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#di\">\u7b2c d\u00ec<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>Ordinal<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>\u4e00\uff08<strong>d\u00ec<\/strong> y\u012b\uff09first \/ <strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>\u4e8c\uff08<strong>d\u00ec<\/strong> \u00e8r\uff09second \/ <strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>\u5341\uff08<strong>d\u00ec<\/strong> sh\u00ed\uff09tenth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#chu\">\u521d ch\u016b<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>sequence in Chinese lunar time<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u4e00\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> y\u012b\uff09first day\uff08lunar year\uff09 \/ <strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u4e8c\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> \u00e8r\uff09second day (lunar year) <strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u5341\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> sh\u00ed\uff09tenth day (lunar year)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Prefix in Chinese<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"lao\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u8001 l\u01ceo<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As an adjective, \u8001 means <strong>old or elder <\/strong>and can be used as a predicate in a sentence or to describe other elements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>\u7238\u7238\u5988\u5988<strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002\uff08B\u00e0b\u0251 m\u0101m\u0251<strong> l\u01ceo<\/strong> le.\uff09My parents are old.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u4eba (<strong>l\u01ceo <\/strong>r\u00e9n) old man<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5976\u5976 (<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> n\u01cein\u0251i) old woman<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a prefix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u8001is a dummy prefix. In a word, it either has <strong>no meaning<\/strong> or indicates <strong>respect<\/strong>, an <strong>amiable feeling <\/strong>or<strong> &nbsp;seniority<\/strong> among a group of people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes before animal names, people, monosyllabic family names or numbers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u8001 + animal name\/person\/monosyllabic family name\/number<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. no meaning<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u864e (<strong>l<\/strong><strong>\u01ceo<\/strong> h\u01d4) &nbsp;tiger<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u9f20\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> sh\u01d4\uff09mouse<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u9e70\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> y\u012bn\u0261\uff09eagle<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. respect<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5e08 (<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>sh\u012b.) &nbsp;teacher<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u677f\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>b\u01cen\uff09boss; shopkeeper<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">iii. amiable feeling<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5f20\u554a\uff0c\u597d\u4e45\u4e0d\u89c1\uff01(<strong>L\u01ceo<\/strong> zh\u0101n\u0261 a, h\u01ceo ji\u01d4 b\u00fa ji\u00e0n!) Zhang, long time no see!&nbsp;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u516c\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>\u0261\u014dn\u0261\uff09husband<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5a46\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>p\u00f3\uff09wife<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">iv. seniority<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u5927\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> d\u00e0\uff09big brother\uff1bbig cheese<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u4e8c\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong>\u2019\u00e8r\uff09the second child\uff1branking second<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em><strong>\u8001<\/strong>\u4e09\uff08<strong>l\u01ceo<\/strong> s\u0101n\uff09the third child; ranking third<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"xiao\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u5c0f xi\u01ceo<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As an adjective, \u5c0f means <strong>young<\/strong> or <strong>small <\/strong>and can be used as a predicate in a sentence or to describe other elements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8fd9\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u592a<strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4e86\u3002\uff08Zh\u00e8 ji\u00e0n y\u012bfu t\u00e0i <strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> le.\uff09This clothes is too small.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u670b\u53cb (<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> p\u00e9n\u0261you) little boy or girl<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u5b69\u5b50 (<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> h\u00e1izi) little child<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a prefix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f is also a dummy prefix. In a word, it either shows <strong>no meaning<\/strong> or <strong>&nbsp;affection<\/strong>. When indicating affection, it is usually used by a senior towards their subordinates or by an elder towards younger people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes before people, adjectives or monosyllabic family names.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u5c0f + person\/monosyllabic family name\/other elements<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. no meaning<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u59d0\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> ji\u011b\uff09Miss<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u5fc3\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> x\u012bn\uff09to be careful<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4e11\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> ch\u01d2u\uff09Joker; clown<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u4f4f\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> zh\u00f9\uff09to live for a while<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u6c14\uff08<strong>xi\u01ceo<\/strong> qi\uff09to be mean<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. affection<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u674e\uff0c\u5e2e\u6211\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\uff08<strong>Xi\u01ceo<\/strong> L\u01d0, b\u0101n\u0261 w\u01d2 d\u01cey\u00ecn y\u00ed xi\u00e0.\uff09Lee, help me to print it.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5c0f<\/strong>\u8d3a\u554a\uff0c\u56de\u6765\u5566\uff01(<strong>Xi\u01ceo<\/strong> H\u00e8 \u0101, hu\u00ed l\u00e1i l\u0101!) He, you\u2019re back!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"a\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u963f \u0101<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u963f is usually combined with other elements to form a word. By itself, \u963f doesn\u2019t mean anything.<\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a prefix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a very common prefix, \u963fis usually used as a greeting and indicates<strong> affection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes before numbers, monosyllabic family names, nicknames or relative nouns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u963f + number\/monosyllabic family name\/nickname\/relative noun<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>affection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u56db\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> s\u00ec\uff09the fourth child\uff1branking fourth<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u516d\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> li\u00f9\uff09the sixth child\uff1branking sixth<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u738b\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> w\u00e1n\u0261\uff09Wang (family name)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u6b66\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> w\u01d4\uff09Wu (family name)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u4e3d\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> l\u00ec\uff09li (nickname)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u59e8\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> y\u00ed\uff09antie; a calling to other woman with similar age as your mother<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u963f<\/strong>\u5a46\uff08<strong>\u0101<\/strong> p\u00f3\uff09grandma; a calling to other elder woman<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"di\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u7b2c d\u00ec<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c is usually combined with other elements to form a word. By itself, \u7b2c&nbsp; doesn\u2019t mean anything.<\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a prefix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a prefix, \u7b2cis usually used to indicate <strong>order<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes before an integer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u7b2c + integer<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>ordinal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>\u4e00\uff08<strong>d\u00ec<\/strong> y\u012b\uff09first<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>\u4e8c\uff08<strong>d\u00ec<\/strong> \u00e8r\uff09second<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u7b2c<\/strong>\u5341\uff08<strong>d\u00ec<\/strong> sh\u00ed\uff09tenth<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"chu\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u521d ch\u016b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u521d means <strong>beginning or start<\/strong>. In modern Chinese, when \u521d is used alone, it is usually a part of a fixed expression. Otherwise, it is part of a word.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u6765\u4e4d\u5230\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> l\u00e1i zh\u00e0 d\u00e0o\uff09to be new here<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4ed6\u5728\u5b66<strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u7ea7\u6c49\u8bed\u3002\uff08T\u0101 z\u00e0i xu\u00e9 <strong>ch\u016b<\/strong>j\u00ed h\u00e0ny\u01d4.\uff09He is learning elementary Chinese.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6211\u6700<strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u662f\u60f3\u53bb\u5317\u4eac\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5374\u6765\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\uff08W\u01d2 zu\u00ec<strong> ch\u016b<\/strong> sh\u00ec xi\u01cen\u0261 q\u00f9 B\u011bij\u012bn\u0261 de, zu\u00ec h\u00f2u qu\u00e8 l\u00e1i le Sh\u00e0n\u0261h\u01cei.\uff09<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">At the beginning, I wanted to go to Beijing, however I came to Shanghai at last.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a prefix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a prefix, \u521dis usually used to indicate <strong>sequence in Chinese lunar time.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes before numbers less than or equal to ten.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u521d + number(\u226410)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>sequence in Chinese lunar time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u4e00\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> y\u012b\uff09first day\uff08lunar year\uff09<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u4e8c\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> \u00e8r\uff09second day (lunar year)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u521d<\/strong>\u5341\uff08<strong>ch\u016b<\/strong> sh\u00ed\uff09tenth day (lunar year)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"suffixes\">Suffixes in Chinese<\/h2>\n<p>In modern Chinese, there are significantly more suffixes than prefixes, so, in this part, we will go over several important suffixes, such as \u5b50, \u513f\uff0c\u751f\uff0c\u5934\uff0c\u7136\uff0c\u8005\uff0c\u5bb6\uff0cand \u5458, which will help you express a wide variety of ideas. These suffixes either show people\u2019s affection, distinguish a group of people, or change the part of speech when added after other elements. So, let\u2019s see how they work.<\/p>\n<p>For clarity and convenient reading, a chart of suffixes is provided below.<\/p>\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th width=\"13%\"><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#zi\">\u5b50 zi<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td width=\"17%\">nominal suffix<\/td>\n<td width=\"70%\">\u684c<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (zhu\u014d <strong>zi<\/strong>) desk, table \/ \u6905<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (y\u01d0 <strong>zi<\/strong>) chair \/ \u51f3<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (d\u00e8n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) stool \/ \u676f<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (b\u0113i <strong>zi<\/strong>) cup \u7b77<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (ku\u00e0i <strong>zi<\/strong>) chopsticks \/ \u672c<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (b\u011bn <strong>zi<\/strong>) notebook \/ \u7bb1<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (xi\u0101n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) box \/ \u76d2<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (h\u00e9 <strong>zi<\/strong>) case, box \/ \u6a59<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (ch\u00e9n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) orange \/ \u6a58<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (j\u00fa <strong>zi<\/strong>) tangerine \/ \u6843<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (t\u00e1o <strong>zi<\/strong>) peach \/ \u513f<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (\u00e9r <strong>zi<\/strong>) sun \/ \u6c99<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (sh\u0101 <strong>zi<\/strong>) sand \/ \u76d6<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (g\u00e0i <strong>zi<\/strong>) lid \/ \u50bb<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (sh\u01ce <strong>zi<\/strong>) the fool \/ \u75af<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (f\u0113n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) madman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#er\">\u513f \u00e9r<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>nominal suffix<\/td>\n<td>\u82b1<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (hu\u0101\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) flower \/ \u76c6<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (p\u00e9n\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) pot \/ \u68cd<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (\u0261\u00f9n\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) stick \/ \u8f66<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (ch\u0113\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) car \/ \u4e8b<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (sh\u00ec\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) thing \/ \u5973<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (n\u01da\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) daughter \/ \u753b<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (hu\u00e0\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) painting \/ \u5377<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (ju\u01cen\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) curve \/ \u76d6<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (\u0261\u00e0i\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) lid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#tou\">\u5934 t\u00f3u<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>nominal suffix<\/td>\n<td>\u6728<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (m\u00f9 <strong>tou<\/strong>) wood \/ \u77f3<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (sh\u00ed <strong>tou<\/strong>) stone \/ \u9aa8<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (\u0261\u01d4 <strong>tou<\/strong>) bone \/ \u770b<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (k\u00e0n <strong>tou<\/strong>) be worthy of watching \/ \u542c<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (t\u012bn\u0261 <strong>tou<\/strong>) be worthy of listening \/ \u5ff5<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (ni\u00e0n <strong>tou<\/strong>) idea, thought \/ \u51c6<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (zh\u01d4n<strong> tou<\/strong>) accuracy \/ \u751c<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (ti\u00e1n <strong>tou<\/strong>) sweet taste, benefit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#ran\">\u7136 r\u00e1n<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>indicates a state<\/td>\n<td>\u5ffd<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (h\u016b <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) suddenly \/ \u679c<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (\u0261u\u01d2 <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) sure enough \/ \u604d<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (hu\u01cen\u0261 <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) suddenly \/ \u7a81<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (t\u016b <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) sudden \/ \u663e<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (xi\u01cen<strong> r\u00e1n<\/strong>) obvious \/ \u65e2<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (j\u00ec <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) now that \/ \u867d<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (su\u012b <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) even though<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#zhe\">\u8005 zh\u011b<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>people with a certain feature<\/td>\n<td>\u8bfb<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (d\u00fa<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) reader \/ \u4f5c<strong>\u8005 <\/strong>(zu\u00f2<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) author \/ \u5b66<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (xu\u00e9<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) scholar \/ \u60a3<strong>\u8005 <\/strong>(hu\u00e0n<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) patient \/ \u957f<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (zh\u01cen\u0261<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) eldership \/ \u4f24<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (sh\u0101n\u0261<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) the wounded \/ \u7b14<strong>\u8005 <\/strong>(b\u01d0<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) writer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#jia\">\u5bb6 ji\u0101<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>people engaged in some field of activity<\/td>\n<td>\u753b<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (hu\u00e0<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) painter \/ \u79d1\u5b66<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (k\u0113xu\u00e9<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) scientist \/ \u5929\u6587\u5b66<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (ti\u0101nw\u00e9nxu\u00e9<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) astronomer \/ \u4f5c<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (zu\u00f2ji\u0101) writer \/ \u5c0f\u8bf4<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (xi\u01ceoshu\u014d<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) fictionist \/ \u6570\u5b66<strong>\u5bb6 <\/strong>(sh\u00f9xu\u00e9<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) mathematian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#yuan\">\u5458 yu\u00e1n<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>people engaged in activity or group<\/td>\n<td>\u7403<strong>\u5458 <\/strong>(qi\u00fa<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) player \/ \u6f14<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (y\u01cen<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) actor \/ \u961f<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (du\u00ec<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) teammate \/ \u4f1a<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (hu\u00ec<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) member \/ \u6210<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (ch\u00e9n\u0261<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) member \/ \u56e2<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (tu\u00e1n<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) group member<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#men\">\u4eec men<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>indicate plural<\/td>\n<td>\u6211<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (wo<strong>men<\/strong>) we, us \/ \u4f60<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (n\u01d0<strong>men<\/strong>) you \/ \u4ed6<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (t\u0101<strong>men<\/strong>) they, them \/ \u5979<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (t\u0101<strong>men<\/strong>) they, them \/ \u5b83<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (t\u0101<strong>men<\/strong>) they, them \/ \u4eba<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (r\u00e9n<strong>men<\/strong>) people \/ \u6b4c\u624b<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (\u0261\u0113sh\u01d2u<strong>men<\/strong>) singers \/ \u5fd7\u613f\u8005<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (zh\u00ecyu\u00e0nzh\u011b<strong>men<\/strong>) volunteers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>\n<u><a class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=other/_#bian\">\u8fb9 bi\u0101n<\/a><\/u><\/th>\n<td>attached to nouns of locality<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0a<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08sh\u00e0n\u0261<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09upper \/ \u4e0b<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08xi\u00e0<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09lower \/ \u5de6<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08zu\u01d2<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09left \/ \u53f3<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08y\u00f2u<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09right \/ \u5916<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08w\u00e0i<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09outside \/ \u91cc<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08l\u01d0<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09inside \/ \u524d<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08qi\u00e1n<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09front \/ \u540e<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08h\u00f2u<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09back \/ \u4e1c<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08d\u014dn\u0261<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09east \/ \u897f<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08x\u012b<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09west \/ \u5317<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08b\u011bi<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09north \u5357<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08n\u00e1n<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09south<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>Suffixes in Chinese<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zi\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u5b50 zi<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In ancient Chinese, \u5b50(z\u01d0) with third tone is an expression showing<strong> respect to honorable people.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5b54<strong>\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08K\u01d2n\u0261<strong> z\u01d0<\/strong>\uff09Confucius, a Chinese philosopher<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8340<strong>\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08X\u00fan <strong>z\u01d0<\/strong>\uff09Xunzi, a Chinese philosopher<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8001<strong>\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08L\u01ceo <strong>z\u01d0<\/strong>\uff09Laozi, a Chinese philosopher<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5b5f<strong>\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08M\u00e8n\u0261 <strong>z\u01d0<\/strong>\uff09Mengzi, a Chinese philosopher<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A very common suffix, \u5b50\uff08zi\uff09pronounced with neutral tone is only a grammatical particle in modern Chinese. It is always used as a <strong>nominal suffix,<\/strong> added after another character.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a partial noun, verb, or adjective to make it into a noun<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Partial noun\/verb\/adjective + \u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. noun +\u5b50<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u684c<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (zhu\u014d <strong>zi<\/strong>) desk; table<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6905<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (y\u01d0 <strong>zi<\/strong>) chair<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u51f3<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (d\u00e8n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) stool<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u676f<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (b\u0113i <strong>zi<\/strong>) cup<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7b77<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (ku\u00e0i <strong>zi<\/strong>) chopsticks<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u672c<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (b\u011bn <strong>zi<\/strong>) notebook<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7bb1<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (xi\u0101n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) box<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u76d2<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (h\u00e9 <strong>zi<\/strong>) case; box<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6a59<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (ch\u00e9n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) orange<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6a58<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (j\u00fa <strong>zi<\/strong>) tangerine<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6843<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (t\u00e1o <strong>zi<\/strong>) peach<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u513f<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (\u00e9r <strong>zi<\/strong>) sun<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6c99<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (sh\u0101 <strong>zi<\/strong>) sand<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. verb+\u5b50<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u76d6<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (g\u00e0i <strong>zi<\/strong>) lid<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">iii. adjective+\u5b50<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u50bb<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (sh\u01ce <strong>zi<\/strong>) the fool<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u75af<strong>\u5b50<\/strong> (f\u0113n\u0261 <strong>zi<\/strong>) madman<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"er\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u513f \u00e9r<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u513f originally meant <strong>son<\/strong> in Chinese and can be used alone or combined with other words.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u513f<\/strong>\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u7ec8\u4e8e\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002\uff08<strong>\u00c9r<\/strong> a, n\u01d0 zh\u014dn\u0261y\u00fa hu\u00edl\u00e1i le.\uff09Oh my son, you finally back.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u513f<\/strong>\u5b59\u81ea\u6709\u513f\u5b59\u798f\u3002(<strong>\u00c9r <\/strong>s\u016bn z\u00ec y\u01d2u \u00e9r s\u016bn f\u00fa.) The children can take care of themselves when they grow up.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u513f<\/strong>\u5973\u53cc\u5168 (<strong>\u00c9r<\/strong> n\u01da shu\u0101n\u0261 qu\u00e1n) with son and daughter<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a common suffix, \u513f\uff08written as \u2018r\u2019 in pinyin\uff09is only a grammatical particle. It mainly functions as a <strong>nominal suffix<\/strong> added after other characters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a partial noun or verb to form a noun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>nominal morpheme\/verbal morpheme + \u513f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. noun+\u513f<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u82b1<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (hu\u0101\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) flower<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u76c6<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (p\u00e9n\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) pot<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u68cd<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (\u0261\u00f9n\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) stick<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8f66<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (ch\u0113\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) car<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4e8b<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (sh\u00ec\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) thing<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5973<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (n\u01da\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) daughter<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. verb+\u513f<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u753b<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (hu\u00e0\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) painting<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5377<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (ju\u01cen\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) curve<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u76d6<strong>\u513f<\/strong> (\u0261\u00e0i\u2019<strong>r<\/strong>) lid<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"tou\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u5934 tou<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a noun, \u5934 (t\u00f3u) means <strong>head<\/strong>. It can be used alone or combined with other words.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>e.g.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u4f60\u7684<strong>\u5934<\/strong>\u600e\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f(N\u01d0 de <strong>t\u00f3u<\/strong> z\u011bnme le?) What\u2019s wrong with your head?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u6211<strong>\u5934<\/strong>\u75bc\u3002(W\u01d2 <strong>t\u00f3u<\/strong> t\u00e9n\u0261.) I have a headache.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u5934<\/strong>\u53d1 (<strong>t\u00f3u<\/strong>f\u0251) hair<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a suffix, \u5934(tou) is pronounced with neutral tone. The ancient meaning of head has been obscured. It mainly functions as a <strong>nominal suffix,<\/strong> added after another character.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a partial noun, verb, or adjective to make it into a noun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Partial noun\/verb\/adjective + \u5934<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. noun+\u5934<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6728<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (m\u00f9 <strong>tou<\/strong>) wood<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u77f3<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (sh\u00ed <strong>tou<\/strong>) stone<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u9aa8<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (\u0261\u01d4 <strong>tou<\/strong>) bone<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. verb+\u5934<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u770b<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (k\u00e0n <strong>tou<\/strong>) be worthy of watching<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u542c<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (t\u012bn\u0261 <strong>tou<\/strong>) be worthy of listening<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5ff5<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (ni\u00e0n <strong>tou<\/strong>) idea; thought<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">iii. adjective+\u5934<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u51c6<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (zh\u01d4n<strong> tou<\/strong>) accuracy<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u751c<strong>\u5934<\/strong> (ti\u00e1n <strong>tou<\/strong>) sweet taste; benefit<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ran\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u7136 r\u00e1n<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7136originally functioned as an adjective meaning <strong>right <\/strong>or as a pronoun meaning<strong> such <\/strong>or <strong>this way<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (b\u00f9 y\u01d0 w\u00e9i <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) not to regard it as right<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5f53<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (d\u0101n\u0261 <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) of course<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u7136<\/strong>\u540e (<strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong> h\u00f2u) then<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When used as a suffix, the original meaning of \u7136 doesn\u2019t matter and it is used to describe <strong>a kind of state. <\/strong>It\u2019s mainly used after another character to form an <strong>adverb, adjective or conjunction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a character to form an adverb, adjective or conjunction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>a character + \u7136<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. form an adverb<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5ffd<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (h\u016b <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) suddenly<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u679c<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (\u0261u\u01d2 <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) sure enough<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u604d<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (hu\u01cen\u0261 <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) suddenly<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. form an adjective<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7a81<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (t\u016b <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) sudden<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u663e<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (xi\u01cen<strong> r\u00e1n<\/strong>) obvious<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">iii. form a conjunction<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u65e2<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (j\u00ec <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) now that<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u867d<strong>\u7136<\/strong> (su\u012b <strong>r\u00e1n<\/strong>) even though<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"zhe\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u8005 zh\u011b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In ancient Chinese, \u8005 was used to refer to <strong>people <\/strong>or<strong> things<\/strong> with a certain featureafter another element. It is often used in Chinese poems or idioms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u901d<strong>\u8005<\/strong>\u5982\u65af\u592b\uff0c\u4e0d\u820d\u663c\u591c\u3002(Sh\u00ec <strong>zh\u011b<\/strong> r\u00fa s\u012b fu, b\u00f9 sh\u011b zh\u00f2u y\u00e8.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">How it flows on, never creasing, night and day!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u77e5\u4eba<strong>\u8005<\/strong>\u667a\uff0c\u81ea\u77e5<strong>\u8005<\/strong>\u660e\u3002(Zh\u012b r\u00e9n <strong>zh\u011b<\/strong> zh\u00ec, z\u00ec zh\u012b <strong>zh\u011b<\/strong> m\u00edn\u0261.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">He who knows others is learned, and he who knows himself is wise.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When used as a suffix, \u8005 actually keeps the characteristic of referring to <strong>people with a certain feature<\/strong> to some degree but becomes more ambiguous. It is mainly applied as <strong>a noun suffix<\/strong> added after another morpheme.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a verb, adjective or part of a noun to make it into a noun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>verb\/adjective\/partial noun + \u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. verb+\u8005<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8bfb<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (d\u00fa<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) reader &nbsp;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4f5c<strong>\u8005 <\/strong>(zu\u00f2<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) author<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5b66<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (xu\u00e9<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) scholar<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. adjective+\u8005<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u60a3<strong>\u8005 <\/strong>(hu\u00e0n<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) patient<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u957f<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (zh\u01cen\u0261<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) eldership<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4f24<strong>\u8005<\/strong> (sh\u0101n\u0261<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) the wounded<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">iii. noun+\u8005<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7b14<strong>\u8005 <\/strong>(b\u01d0<strong>zh\u011b<\/strong>) writer<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"jia\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u5bb6 ji\u0101<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In modern Chinese, \u5bb6 means <strong>family or home.<\/strong> It can be used alone or combined with other words.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u8fd9\u662f\u6211<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong>\u3002(Zh\u00e8 sh\u00ec w\u01d2 <strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>.) This is home.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5bb6<\/strong>\u4eba (<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong> r\u00e9n) family<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5bb6<\/strong>\u5ead (<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong> t\u00edn\u0261) household<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a nominal suffix, \u5bb6 can be put after activities to indicate <strong>people engaged in that activity.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after an activity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>&nbsp;activity + \u5bb6<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>people engaged in some field of activity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u753b<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (hu\u00e0<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) painter<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u79d1\u5b66<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (k\u0113xu\u00e9<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) scientist<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5929\u6587\u5b66<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (ti\u0101nw\u00e9nxu\u00e9<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) astronomer<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4f5c<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (zu\u00f2ji\u0101) writer<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5c0f\u8bf4<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (xi\u01ceoshu\u014d<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) fictionist<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6570\u5b66<strong>\u5bb6<\/strong> (sh\u00f9xu\u00e9<strong>ji\u0101<\/strong>) mathematian<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"yuan\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u5458 yu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5458 refers to <strong>people<\/strong> and can be used alone or combined with other words.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">e.g.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4f60\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u961f\u91cc\u7684\u4e00<strong>\u5458<\/strong>\u3002 (N\u01d0 sh\u00ec women du\u00ec l\u01d0 de y\u00ec <strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>.) You are a member of our team.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4eba<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (r\u00e9n <strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) personnel<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>\u5458<\/strong>\u5de5 (<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>\u0261\u014dn\u0261) staff<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u52a8<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (d\u00f2n\u0261<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) call forth<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a nominal suffix, \u5458 can be put after an activity or group to indicate people who <strong>do that activity<\/strong> or are <strong>members of that group<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a character for an activity or group.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>activity\/group + \u5458<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">i. people engaged in activity<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u7403<strong>\u5458 <\/strong>(qi\u00fa<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) player<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6f14<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (y\u01cen<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) actor<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">ii. people in a group<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u961f<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (du\u00ec<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) teammate<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4f1a<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (hu\u00ec<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) member<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u6210<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (ch\u00e9n\u0261<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) member<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u56e2<strong>\u5458<\/strong> (tu\u00e1n<strong>yu\u00e1n<\/strong>) group member<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"men\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u4eec men<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eec usually needs to be combined with other elements to form a word. By itself, \u4eec doesn\u2019t mean anything.<\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a suffix, \u4eec is mainly put after nouns or pronouns to <strong>indicate pluralization<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after a noun or pronoun to make it plural.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>noun\/pronoun + \u4eec<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>indicate plural<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u6211<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (w\u01d2<strong>men<\/strong>) we; us<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u4f60<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (n\u01d0<strong>men<\/strong>) you<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u4ed6<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (t\u0101<strong>men<\/strong>) they; them<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u5979<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (t\u0101<strong>men<\/strong>) they; them<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u5b83<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (t\u0101<strong>men<\/strong>) they; them<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u4eba<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (r\u00e9n<strong>men<\/strong>) people<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u6b4c\u624b<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (\u0261\u0113sh\u01d2u<strong>men<\/strong>) singers<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u5fd7\u613f\u8005<strong>\u4eec<\/strong> (zh\u00ecyu\u00e0nzh\u011b<strong>men<\/strong>) volunteers<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bian\" class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\" style=\"font-size: 28px;\">\u8fb9 bi\u0101n<\/h3>\n<p><strong>* Original meaning and use: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fb9 (bi\u0101n) with first tone refers to the <strong>edge, boundary, border <\/strong>or <strong>side<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em>e.g.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\u7f18 (<strong>bi\u0101n<\/strong>yu\u00e1n) edge<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\u7586 (<strong>bi\u0101n<\/strong>ji\u0101n\u0261) boundary<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\u754c (<strong>bi\u0101n<\/strong>ji\u0101n\u0261) border<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>\u7b49<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62 (d\u011bn\u0261 <strong>bi\u0101n<\/strong> s\u0101nji\u01ceox\u00edn\u0261) equilateral triangle<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>* As a suffix in Chinese: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fb9is a suffix attached to<strong> nouns that indicate location<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Rule\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Goes after after a location nouns.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Structure\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>location noun+\u8fb9<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>adjunct to location noun<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4e0a<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08sh\u00e0n\u0261<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09upper<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4e0b<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08xi\u00e0<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09 lower<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5de6<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08zu\u01d2<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09left<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u53f3<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08y\u00f2u<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09right<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5916<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08w\u00e0i<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09outside<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u91cc<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08l\u01d0<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09inside<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u524d<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08qi\u00e1n<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09front<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u540e<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08h\u00f2u<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09back<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u4e1c<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08d\u014dn\u0261<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09east<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u897f<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08x\u012b<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09west<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5317<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08b\u011bi<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09north<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #999999;\">\u5357<strong>\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff08n\u00e1n<strong>bi\u0251n<\/strong>\uff09south<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=index-1357.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download PDF Version<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, we are going to take a look at a very practical part of vocabulary-prefixes and suffixes. You might find it a little bit odd because prefixes and suffixes sound like an English concept. However, it does appear in Mandarin Chinese too. As a beginner, you may not pay much attention to it,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,176],"tags":[79,77,86,78,80,84],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-13379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn-mandarin-online","category-usage","tag-advanced","tag-beginner","tag-chinese-characters","tag-intermediate","tag-self-study","tag-vocabulary","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>All About Chinese Prefixes and Suffixes<\/title>\n
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