{"id":16426,"date":"2023-07-18T16:48:28","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T16:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/?p=16426"},"modified":"2024-02-20T10:23:08","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T10:23:08","slug":"erhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/erhua.html","title":{"rendered":"Mastering the Suffix \u513f: A Guide to &#8220;Erhua&#8221; in Mandarin Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Picture yourself as a keen-eyed observer, noticing the subtle variations in expressions like &#8220;here&#8221; or &#8220;there,&#8221; your interest piqued by the dual forms of \u8fd9\u91cc\/\u8fd9\u513f(zh\u00e8 l\u01d0\/zh\u00e8r) and \u90a3\u91cc\/\u90a3\u513f(n\u00e0 l\u01d0\/n\u00e0r). This is a phenomenon found in Mandarin and other dialects, including Beijing Hua, known as \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9rhu\u00e0 c\u00ed), and it\u2019s just the beginning of discovering the phonetic nuances of Chinese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what exactly is \u513f\u5316(\u00e9rhu\u00e0)? Why do certain words undergo this transformation? And when should you use it yourself? Relax, we\u2019re going to walk you through the various uses of the suffix \u513f(\u00e9r) and peel back the curtain to explore some of the cultural nuances that come with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"custom_toc wp-block-list\"><li><a href=other/_#what\">What are Erhua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=other/_#why\">Why do we use Erhua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=other/_#when\">When do we use Erhua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=other/_#how\">How to learn Erhua<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what\">What are Erhua?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u513f\u5316\u8bcd (\u00e9rhu\u00e0 c\u00ed) is a phonetic phenomenon that occurs in Mandarin Chinese and certain dialects, such as Beijing Hua. It involves adding the suffix \u513f(\u00e9r) to a word, combining it with the preceding syllable. This creates a new word known as a \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9rhu\u00e0 c\u00ed). For instance, \u82b1\u513f is pronounced \/hu\u0101r\/, not \/hu\u0101&#8217;\u00e9r\/.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why\">Why do we use Erhua\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>We use \u513f\u5316(\u00e9r hu\u00e0) in situations where its presence or absence can affect the meaning or usage of a word. Let&#8217;s explore some examples:<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-meaning-change\">1. Meaning change<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u773c(y\u01cen) eyes &#8211; \u773c\u513f(y\u01cenr) small hole<\/li><li>\u5934(t\u00f3u) head &#8211; \u5934\u513f(t\u00f3ur) leader<\/li><li>\u4fe1(x\u00ecn) letter &#8211; \u4fe1\u513f(x\u00ecnr) information<\/li><li>\u5929(ti\u0101n) day &#8211; \u5929\u513f(ti\u0101nr) weather<\/li><li>\u6258(tu\u014d) hold in hand \u2013 \u6258\u513f(tu\u014dr) shill<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-different-part-of-speech\">2. Different part of speech<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5c16(ji\u0101n) as an adjective &#8211; \u5c16\u513f(ji\u0101nr) as a noun<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u8fd9\u652f\u7b14\u5f88\u5c16\u3002(Zh\u00e8 zh\u012b b\u01d0 h\u011bn ji\u0101n.)&nbsp;This pen is very sharp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4f60\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u652f\u7b14\u7684\u5c16\u513f\u574f\u4e86\u3002(N\u01d0 k\u00e0n, zh\u00e8 zh\u012b b\u01d0 de ji\u0101nr hu\u00e0ile.) Look, the tip of this pen is broken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u9519(cu\u00f2) as an adjective &#8211; \u9519\u513f(cu\u00f2r) as a noun<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9519\u9898\u3002(W\u01d2 de zu\u00f2y\u00e8 y\u01d2u h\u011bndu\u014d cu\u00f2 t\u00ed.) My homework has many incorrect answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u9519\u513f\u3002(Du\u00ecb\u00f9q\u01d0, zh\u00e8 sh\u00ec w\u01d2 de cu\u00f2r.)&nbsp;I&#8217;m sorry, it&#8217;s my fault.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u753b(hu\u00e0) as a verb &#8211; \u753b\u513f(hu\u00e0r) as a noun<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4f60\u80fd\u753b\u4e00\u5e45\u753b\u513f\u5417\uff1f(N\u01d0 n\u00e9ng hu\u00e0 y\u012b f\u00fa hu\u00e0r ma?) Can you draw a picture?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u76d6(g\u00e0i) as a verb &#8211; \u76d6\u513f(g\u00e0ir) as a noun<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u8bf7\u76d6\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u9505\u76d6\u513f\u3002(Q\u01d0ng g\u00e0i sh\u00e0ng n\u00e0g\u00e8 d\u00e0 de gu\u014d g\u00e0ir.) Please cover that big pot lid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4e50(l\u00e8) as an adjective &#8211; \u4e50\u513f(l\u00e8r) as a noun<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u5feb\u4e50 (ku\u00e0il\u00e8) Happiness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u559c\u5267\u6f14\u5458\u559c\u6b22\u9017\u4e50\u513f\u3002(x\u01d0j\u00f9 y\u01cenyu\u00e1n x\u01d0hu\u0101n d\u00f2u l\u00e8r.) Comedians enjoy entertaining and bringing laughter.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-affection-expression\">3. Affection expression<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><strong>a) Expressing smallness, lightness, thinness, weakness, or lesser degree:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f(xi\u01ceo hair) kid<\/li><li>\u7259\u7b7e\u513f(y\u00e1 qi\u0101nr) toothpick<\/li><li>\u76ae\u7b4b\u513f(p\u00ed j\u012bnr) rubber band<\/li><li>\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f(<a>y<\/a>\u00ed hu\u00ecr) a moment\/for a while<\/li><li>\u4e00\u4e0b\u513f(y\u00ed xi\u00e0r) after verb to express times\/a short time<\/li><li>\u4e00\u5757\u513f(y\u00ed ku\u00e0ir) together<\/li><li>\u4e00\u70b9\u513f(y\u00ec di\u01cenr) a little<\/li><li>\u73a9\u73a9\u513f(w\u00e1n wanr) play<\/li><li>\u4f7f\u52b2\u513f(sh\u01d0 j\u00ecnr) try hard<\/li><li>\u6253\u76f9\u513f(d\u01ce d\u01d4nr) nap<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b) Expressing feelings of love or endearment<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u82b1\u513f(hu\u0101r) flower<\/li><li>\u9e1f\u513f(ni\u01ceor) bird<\/li><li>\u753b\u513f(hu\u00e0r) painting<\/li><li>\u597d\u73a9\u513f(h\u01ceo w\u01cenr) funny<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In Chinese culture, people use \u513f(\u00e9r) to express endearment or cuteness when referring to words related to children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5b9d\u8d1d\u513f (b\u01ceob\u00e8ir) baby or young children<\/li><li>\u5c0f\u5b69\u513f (xi\u01ceo hair) children<\/li><li>\u5973\u5b69\u513f (n\u01da hair) girl<\/li><li>\u7537\u5b69\u513f (n\u00e1n hair) boy<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, it is common, especially among older Chinese individuals, to show affection by calling someone using one of their given name&#8217;s characters + \u513f(\u00e9r). For instance, if your name is \u674e\u5c0f\u660e (L\u01d0 Xi\u01ceom\u00edng), they might call you \u660e\u513f (M\u00edngr). Similarly, if your name is \u5f20\u82b3 (Zh\u0101ng F\u0101ng), it can be &#8220;\u82b3\u513f&#8221; (F\u0101ngr).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>c) Expressing attitude with scorn or mockery<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5c0f\u5077\u513f(xi\u01ceo t\u014dur) thief<\/li><li>\u6492\u9152\u75af\u513f(s\u01ce ji\u01d4 f\u0113ngr) get drunk and act crazy<\/li><li>\u8bf4\u778e\u8bdd\u513f(shu\u014d xi\u0101 hu\u00e0r) plain lie<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"when\">When do we use Erhua?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>To be honest, even some native Chinese speakers find it challenging to determine when to use \u513f(\u00e9r) in words. So, unless you specifically aim to master \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed) or pursue a professional certificate in&nbsp; Mandarin Chinese, you don\u2019t have to worry too much about it. As mentioned earlier, whether a word has \u513f(er) or not often does not impact its meaning. During the initial stages of learning Chinese, feel free to omit \u513f(er) from most words unless they are in a fixed expression or have altered meanings. For example, words like \u4e00\u4f1a\u513f (y\u00edhu\u00ecr, a moment\/for a while), \u8fd9\u513f (zh\u00e8r, here), \u90a3\u513f (n\u00e0r, there), \u54ea\u513f (n\u01cer, where), and \u76d6\u513f (g\u00e0ir, lid) are fixed expressions with \u513f(er). On the other hand, words like \u5934\u513f (tour, leader\/boss) and \u6258\u513f (tour, shill) have completely different meanings due to the presence of \u513f(er).<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how\">How to learn Erhua\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>If you wish to expand your vocabulary and learn more \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed), consider the following options:<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-textbooks\">1) Textbooks<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Regardless of the textbooks you use, they likely contain examples of \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed). These systematically designed resources expose you to them in different contexts. Try creating a summary of the \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed) you encounter in your textbooks and practice using them appropriately.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-dictionaries\">2) Dictionaries<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Use a reliable Chinese dictionary to accelerate your progress. We recommend two apps:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pleco\"><strong>Plec<\/strong>o <\/h4>\n\n\n<p><a href=index-237.html>Pleco<\/a> is a popular Chinese-English dictionary with helpful features like flashcards, tests, word card import\/export, and OCR. You can search using pinyin, Chinese characters, or English words. If you&#8217;re unsure whether to use \u513f(er) or not, simply input the word and let the app check for you.<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hanping-lite\">Hanping Lite<\/h4>\n\n\n<p>Another Chinese-English dictionary with a range of practical and engaging features. Tags make it easier to locate word clusters. For instance, by selecting the &#8220;<a href=index-67.html>HSK exam<\/a>&#8221; tag, you can access six levels of vocabulary. It is an excellent app to verify \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed), and you can even import your own vocabulary file to personalize your tags.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=index-706.html><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"421\" height=\"858\" data-id=\"16433\" src=index-706.html alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Hanping-Lite-1.jpg 421w, https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Hanping-Lite-1-147x300.jpg 147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=index-707.html><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"831\" data-id=\"16434\" src=index-707.html alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Hanping-Lite-2.jpg 452w, https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Hanping-Lite-2-163x300.jpg 163w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=index-708.html><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"843\" data-id=\"16435\" src=index-708.html alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Hanping-Lite-3.jpg 430w, https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Hanping-Lite-3-153x300.jpg 153w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-video-sources\">3) Video sources<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>If you prefer visual learning, videos are an excellent option. Many professional Chinese teachers, learners, enthusiasts, and native speakers have created short videos explaining why, how, and when to use \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed), making them accessible and engaging for learners. Check out these videos for more information and insights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=watch6215.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4xcZAIGr77s<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watcha8e5.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4frIxff6j8g<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watch5875.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1RWfK6rzlc4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watch9dd4.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=k6qZ6wyiEAs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watch56e9.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=j4rzW7iRcIs<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watch5804.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0FIiWmX5-u4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watch535e.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SddgBN5Mzew<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watcheb90.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=R0Ze8WfHPSA<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watchec9b.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ljjCphu5Q2c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=watch5628.html target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GyJq5C6_lMY<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Remember, \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed) is not merely a linguistic quirk, but a gateway to cultural connection and eventual fluency. As you continue your Mandarin Chinese journey, embrace the opportunity to encounter and use \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed) in your own conversations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through textbooks, dictionaries, and the rich resources available online, continue expanding your repertoire of \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed). Exploring regional variations and unique expressions will help you to get in touch with Chinese culture and form more genuine connections with the native speakers you meet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As you interact with them, listen attentively to their use of \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed) and embrace their guidance. Let the words flow naturally from your lips, gradually incorporating the charm and authenticity that \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9r hu\u00e0 c\u00ed) brings to the language. Embrace the affectionate nuances, the subtle shifts in meaning, and the cultural echoes embedded within each expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep exploring, keep learning, and let the discovery of new linguistic tidbits guide you on the path to mastery.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Picture yourself as a keen-eyed observer, noticing the subtle variations in expressions like &#8220;here&#8221; or &#8220;there,&#8221; your interest piqued by the dual forms of \u8fd9\u91cc\/\u8fd9\u513f(zh\u00e8 l\u01d0\/zh\u00e8r) and \u90a3\u91cc\/\u90a3\u513f(n\u00e0 l\u01d0\/n\u00e0r). This is a phenomenon found in Mandarin and other dialects, including Beijing Hua, known as \u513f\u5316\u8bcd(\u00e9rhu\u00e0 c\u00ed), and it\u2019s just the beginning of discovering the phonetic&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":16427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[79,77,93,78,81],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-16426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn-mandarin-online","tag-advanced","tag-beginner","tag-how-to-use","tag-intermediate","tag-speaking","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mastering the Suffix \u513f: A Guide to &quot;Erhua&quot; in Mandarin Chinese<\/title>\n
<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=index-709.html \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mastering the Suffix \u513f: A Guide to &quot;Erhua&quot; in Mandarin Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Picture yourself as a keen-eyed observer, noticing the subtle variations in expressions like &#8220;here&#8221; or &#8220;there,&#8221; your interest piqued by the dual forms of \u8fd9\u91cc\/\u8fd9\u513f(zh\u00e8 l\u01d0\/zh\u00e8r) and \u90a3\u91cc\/\u90a3\u513f(n\u00e0 l\u01d0\/n\u00e0r). 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