{"id":1897,"date":"2014-04-21T04:27:04","date_gmt":"2014-04-21T04:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/?p=1897"},"modified":"2024-12-19T03:06:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T03:06:38","slug":"how-to-use-zai-you-and-shi-express-existence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/how-to-use-zai-you-and-shi-express-existence.html","title":{"rendered":"Where Was I? Using Using \u5728, \u6709 and \u662f to Talk About Location"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When describing the position of someone or something, Mandarin Chinese commonly uses three verbs: \u5728(z\u00e0i), \u662f(sh\u00ec), and \u6709(y\u01d2u). These three words have very similar uses, but in most cases they are not interchangeable. They each have their own specific sentence structures that can be used to convey where something is located in relation to other objects or locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Differentiating between \u5728(z\u00e0i), \u662f(sh\u00ec), and \u6709(y\u01d2u) is a fundamental part of learning Chinese grammar, and they serve a very practical purpose. Having these verbs in your toolbox will help you navigate the world better, in a very literal sense.<\/p>\n\n\n<div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Table of Contents\" class=\"simpletoc custom_toc wp-block-simpletoc-toc\"><ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=other/_#1nbsp-%25e5%259c%25a8-zai\">1.&nbsp; \u5728 (z\u00e0i)<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#2nbsp-%25e6%259c%2589you\">2.&nbsp; \u6709(y\u01d2u)<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#3nbsp-%25e6%2598%25afshi\">3.&nbsp; \u662f(sh\u00ec)<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#4-general-comparison-between-%25e5%259c%25a8-%25e6%259c%2589-and-%25e6%2598%25af\">4. General comparison between \u5728, \u6709 and \u662f<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#lets-do-some-exercises\">Let\u2019s do some exercises<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1nbsp-%25e5%259c%25a8-zai\">1.  \u5728 (z\u00e0i)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Very plainly, \u5728 can be used to point out where something is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-featured-snippet\"><strong><strong>Someone\/something + \u5728(verb) + Location word<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This pattern is similar to the English sentence structure \u201cSomething\/someone is at X location.\u201d However, \u5728 is a verb, not a preposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Noun\/noun phrase<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5728<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Location word<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>English meaning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5218\u8001\u5e08 <p>Li\u00fa l\u01ceosh\u012b<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u5728<\/b> <p>z\u00e0i<\/p> <\/td><td>\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u3002 <p>ji\u00e0osh\u00ec l\u01d0.<\/p> <\/td><td>Teacher Liu is in the classroom.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4f60\u7684\u8f66 <p>N\u01d0 de ch\u0113<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u5728<\/b> <p>z\u00e0i<\/p> <\/td><td>\u5916\u9762\u5417\uff1f <p>w\u00e0imi\u00e0n ma?<\/p> <\/td><td>Is your car outside?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8d85\u5e02 <p>Ch\u0101osh\u00ec<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u5728\u4e0d\u5728<\/b> <p>z\u00e0i b\u00fa z\u00e0i<\/p> <\/td><td>\u4f60\u5bb6\u65c1\u8fb9\uff1f <p>n\u01d0 ji\u0101 p\u00e1ngbi\u0101n?<\/p> <\/td><td>Is the supermarket next to your home?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u94f6\u884c <p>Y\u00ednh\u00e1ng<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u5728<\/b> <p>z\u00e0i<\/p> <\/td><td>\u54ea\u513f\uff1f <p>n\u01ce&#8217;er?<\/p> <\/td><td>Where is the bank?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2nbsp-%25e6%259c%2589you\">2.  \u6709(y\u01d2u)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u6709 can be used to indicate that something exists in a particular place. Note that unlike \u5728, the location will come before \u6709, and the object will come after.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-featured-snippet\"><strong><strong>Location word + \u6709+ Someone\/something<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Location word<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u6709<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Noun\/noun phrase<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>English meaning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6211\u5bb6\u5bf9\u9762 <p>W\u01d2ji\u0101 du\u00ecmi\u00e0n<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u6709<\/b> <p>y\u01d2u<\/p> <\/td><td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u56ed\u3002 <p>y\u00edg\u00e8 g\u014dngyu\u00e1n.<\/p> <\/td><td>Across from our home, there is a park.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5b66\u6821\u91cc <p>Xu\u00e9xi\u00e0o l\u01d0<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u6709<\/b> <p>y\u01d2u<\/p> <\/td><td>\u4e66\u5e97\u3002 <p>sh\u016bdi\u00e0n.<\/p> <\/td><td>There is a bookstore in the university.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e66\u5e97\u65c1\u8fb9 <p>Sh\u016bdi\u00e0n p\u00e1ngbi\u0101n<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u6709<\/b> <p>y\u01d2u<\/p> <\/td><td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c <p>Y\u00edg\u00e8 y\u00ednh\u00e1ng<\/p> <\/td><td>There is a bank next to the bookstore.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6559\u5b66\u697c\u524d <p>Ji\u00e0oxu\u00e9 l\u00f3u qi\u00e1n<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u6709<\/b> <p>y\u01d2u<\/p> <\/td><td>\u5f88\u591a\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u3002 <p>h\u011bndu\u014d z\u00ecx\u00edngch\u0113.<\/p> <\/td><td>There are many bicycles in front of the academic building.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3nbsp-%25e6%2598%25afshi\">3.  \u662f(sh\u00ec)<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>This structure with \u662f can be used to specify who or what is in a particular place. The important thing to keep in mind here is that it\u2019s implied that there is something in that location, even if we don\u2019t know what it is yet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom-featured-snippet\"><strong><strong>Location word + \u662f+ Someone\/something<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Location word<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u662f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Noun\/noun phrase<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>English meaning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u91cc <p>Zh\u00e8ge b\u0101o l\u01d0<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u662f<\/b> <p>sh\u00ec<\/p> <\/td><td>\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f <p>sh\u00e9nme d\u014dngxi?<\/p> <\/td><td>What\u2019s in this bag?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u91cc <p>Zh\u00e8ge b\u0101o l\u01d0<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u662f<\/b> <p><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"> <\/span>sh\u00ec<\/p> <\/td><td>\u624b\u673a\u548c\u94b1\u5305\u3002 <p>sh\u01d2uj\u012b h\u00e9 qi\u00e1nb\u0101o.<\/p> <\/td><td>There is a cell phone and wallet in this bag.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5b69\u5b50\u524d\u8fb9 <p>H\u00e1izi qi\u00e1nbian<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u662f<\/b> <p>sh\u00ec<\/p> <\/td><td>\u5988\u5988\u3002 <p>m\u0101ma.<\/p> <\/td><td>The kid\u2019s mom is in front of him.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8d85\u5e02\u5bf9\u9762  <p>Ch\u0101osh\u00ec du\u00ecmi\u00e0n<\/p> <\/td><td><b>\u662f<\/b> <p>sh\u00ec<\/p> <\/td><td>\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3002 <p>k\u0101f\u0113i gu\u01cen.<\/p> <\/td><td>Across from the supermarket is a coffee shop.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-general-comparison-between-%25e5%259c%25a8-%25e6%259c%2589-and-%25e6%2598%25af\">4. General comparison between \u5728, \u6709 and \u662f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s review the three most common ways to express the position of an object in Chinese:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>English sentence<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Chinese sentence<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>B is A\u2019s location<\/strong> <br><em>The park is next to my home.<\/em><\/td><td>\u516c\u56ed&nbsp;<strong>\u5728<\/strong>&nbsp;\u6211\u5bb6\u7684\u65c1\u8fb9 (G\u014dngyu\u00e1n&nbsp;z\u00e0i&nbsp;w\u01d2ji\u0101 de p\u00e1ngbian.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>A is B\u2019s location<\/strong> <br><em>There is a park next to my home.<\/em><\/td><td>\u6211\u5bb6 \u7684\u65c1\u8fb9&nbsp;<strong>\u6709<\/strong>&nbsp;\u516c\u56ed (W\u01d2ji\u0101 de p\u00e1ngbian&nbsp;y\u01d2u&nbsp;g\u014dngyu\u00e1n.)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>A is B\u2019s location <\/strong><br><em>Next to my home is a park.<\/em><\/td><td>&nbsp;\u6211\u5bb6 \u7684\u65c1\u8fb9&nbsp;<strong>\u662f<\/strong>&nbsp;\u516c\u56ed (W\u01d2ji\u0101 de p\u00e1ngbian&nbsp;sh\u00ec&nbsp;g\u014dngyu\u00e1n.)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To further elaborate on the difference between \u6709 and \u662f:<\/strong> A sentence with \u6709 only denotes what exists in a certain place, while a sentence with \u662f not only indicates that a certain thing exists in a certain place but also further specifies what that thing is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">A\uff1a \u6211\u5bb6\u65c1\u8fb9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u56ed.( W\u01d2ji\u0101 p\u00e1ngbi\u0101n y\u01d2u y\u00ed g\u00e8 g\u014dngyu\u00e1n.) <br>There is a park next to my home.<br><br>B\uff1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u516c\u56ed\uff1f(Sh\u00ec sh\u00e9nme g\u014dngyu\u00e1n?) <br>What kind of park?\/What\u2019s the name of that park?<br>(B wants to know more information about that park in detail.)<br><br>A: (\u6211\u5bb6\u65c1\u8fb9)\u662f\u666f\u5c71\u516c\u56ed\u3002(W\u01d2ji\u0101 p\u00e1ngbi\u0101n) sh\u00ec j\u01d0ngsh\u0101n g\u014dngyu\u00e1n.<br>It\u2019s Jingshan Park (beside my home).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the object of a sentence with \u6709 is usually a general noun, while the object of a sentence with \u662f is usually a specific noun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, we can say<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u524d\u8fb9\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002There is a person in front of the child,\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But we wouldn\u2019t say<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u524d\u8fb9\u6709\u5988\u5988\u3002 There is a mother in front of the child.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead, we would say<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u524d\u8fb9\u662f\u5988\u5988\u3002The child\u2019s mother is in front of them\u201d<br>or\u00a0<br>\u201c\u5988\u5988\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u524d\u9762\u3002The mother is in front of the child.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>When it comes to expressing the position of something or someonein Chinese, there are three common ways to do it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728(z\u00e0i) can directly indicate the location or position of an object. \u6709(y\u01d2u) can indicate the existence of an object in a particular place. Finally, \u662f(sh\u00ec) can indicate the existence of an object in a particular place and further specify what that thing or person is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to note the specific differences between using \u6709 and \u662f, where the former denotes what exists in a certain place and the latter further specifies what that thing or person is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Familiarizing yourself with these structures will allow you to express yourself in Chinese with a higher level of fluency and specificity, which will make everyday conversations go much more smoothly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn more about <a href=index-198.html>Chinese grammar points<\/a>. Furthermore, here is an <a href=index-21.html>all-in-one guide for all Chinese beginners<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lets-do-some-exercises\">Let\u2019s do some exercises<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Try to translate these sentences into Chinese:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There are many students in the library.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He studies Chinese in Beijing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The bathroom is next to the bedroom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Who is on your left?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The bank is across from the post office.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The kid is behind his dad.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference answers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u91cc\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u3002\/ \u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u4e2d\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u536b\u751f\u95f4\u5728\u5367\u5ba4\u65c1\u8fb9\u3002\/ \u536b\u751f\u95f4\u65c1\u8fb9\u662f\u5367\u5ba4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8c01\u5728\u4f60\u5de6\u8fb9\uff1f\/ \u4f60\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u662f\u8c01\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u90ae\u5c40\u5bf9\u9762\u3002\/ \u94f6\u884c\u5bf9\u9762\u662f\u90ae\u5c40\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u4ed6\u7238\u7238\u7684\u540e\u9762\u3002\/ \u7238\u7238\u7684\u540e\u9762\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When describing the position of someone or something, Mandarin Chinese commonly uses three verbs: \u5728(z\u00e0i), \u662f(sh\u00ec), and \u6709(y\u01d2u). These three words have very similar uses, but in most cases they are not interchangeable. They each have their own specific sentence structures that can be used to convey where something is located in relation to other&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":5083,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,176],"tags":[77,7,93,78,84],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-1897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn-mandarin-online","category-usage","tag-beginner","tag-grammar","tag-how-to-use","tag-intermediate","tag-vocabulary","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Expressing Location and Existence in Chinese: Using \u5728, \u6709 and \u662f<\/title>\n
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