{"id":8251,"date":"2022-04-18T06:47:45","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T06:47:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/?p=8251"},"modified":"2024-10-29T04:54:22","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T04:54:22","slug":"use-le-in-chinese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.digmandarin.com\/use-le-in-chinese.html","title":{"rendered":"Your Essential Guide to the Chinese Particle \u4e86"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Learning Chinese as an English speaker comes with many unique challenges: vocabulary, syntax, and tense to name a few. The auxiliary particle \u4e86(le) is a common point of confusion for non-native Chinese students because it can serve a few different purposes in Chinese grammar. It can be difficult to grasp both when it should be included and where it should be positioned in a sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a look at this example: \u6211\u53bb<strong>\u4e86<\/strong>\u516c\u53f8<strong>\u4e86<\/strong>\u3002 You can see that \u4e86 appears twice, but do you know why it\u2019s repeated here? And would you be able to translate this sentence accurately?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the end of reading this article, you\u2019ll not only be able to answer these two questions but also have a solid understanding of three basic uses of \u4e86 in Chinese grammar.<\/p>\n\n\n<div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Table of Contents\" class=\"simpletoc custom_toc wp-block-simpletoc-toc\"><ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=other/_#1-verb-%25e4%25ba%2586\">1. Verb + \u4e86<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#2-sentence-%25e4%25ba%2586\">2. Sentence + \u4e86<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#3-using-%25e4%25ba%2586-twice-in-one-sentence\">3. Using \u4e86 twice in one sentence<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#further-notes\">Further Notes<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=other/_#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-verb-%25e4%25ba%2586\"><strong>1. Verb + \u4e86<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>When placed directly after a verb, \u4e86 indicates the completion of an action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s review some examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u53bb\u770b\u4e86\u90a3\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u3002(W\u01d2 q\u00f9 k\u00e0n le n\u00e0 b\u00f9 di\u00e0ny\u01d0n\u0261.)<br>I have seen that movie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4ed6\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u624b\u673a\u3002(T\u0101 m\u01cei le y\u00ed b\u00f9 x\u012bn sh\u01d2uj\u012b.)<br>He bought a new cell phone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This structure can also be used to talk about actions that will be completed in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u660e\u5929\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bfe\u5c31\u53bb\u627e\u4f60\u3002(W\u01d2 m\u00edngti\u0101n xi\u00e0le k\u00e8 ji\u00f9 q\u00f9 zh\u01ceo n\u01d0.)<br><em>I\u2019ll see you after class tomorrow.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u6d17\u4e86\u6fa1\u5c31\u7761\u89c9\u3002(W\u01d2 x\u01d0le z\u01ceo ji\u00f9 shu\u00ecji\u00e0o.)<br>I\u2019ll go to sleep after taking a shower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the negative form of this structure, you actually need to remove \u4e86 entirely, and instead place \u6ca1\u6709\/\u6ca1 (m\u00e9iy\u01d2u\/m\u00e9i) before the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u516c\u56ed\u3002(T\u0101 m\u00e9iy\u01d2u q\u00f9 \u0261\u014dn\u0261yu\u00e1n.)<br>He did not go to the park.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u59b9\u59b9\u6ca1\u4e70\u90a3\u6761\u88d9\u5b50\u3002(M\u00e8imei m\u00e9i m\u01cei n\u00e0 ti\u00e1o q\u00fanzi.)<br>My little sister didn\u2019t buy that skirt.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-sentence-%25e4%25ba%2586\"><strong>2. Sentence + \u4e86<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>When placed at the end of a sentence, \u4e86 functions as a modal particle. This can mean a few different things depending on the context:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It can confirm something that was previously unclear<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can indicate that something new has appeared<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can point out that something has changed (in this case, there will usually be a time word to indicate when the change took place, but if not, then it will indicate that the change only just happened)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This usage may be a little bit harder to grasp than our last point, so let\u2019s look at some examples to make things more concrete:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u5468\u672b\u4ed6\u53bb\u901b\u8857\u4e86\u3002(Zh\u014dum\u00f2 t\u0101 q\u00f9 \u0261u\u00e0n\u0261ji\u0113 le.)<br>He went shopping this weekend.\u00a0<br>(Confirms that he did, in fact, go shopping on the weekend)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u521a\u521a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u7684\u7535\u8111\u88ab\u5077\u4e86\u3002(W\u01d2 \u0261\u0101n\u0261\u0261\u0101n\u0261 f\u0101xi\u00e0n w\u01d2de di\u00e0nn\u01ceo b\u00e8i t\u014du le.)<br>I just discovered that my computer has been stolen.<br>(Indicates a sudden change and new information)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4e0a\u8bfe\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bfe\u4e86\u3002(Sh\u00e0n\u0261k\u00e8 le\uff0csh\u00e0n\u0261k\u00e8 le.)<br>The class has begun, the class has begun.<br>(Indicates that class has changed from not in session to in session)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4e0b\u96ea\u4e86\u3002(Xi\u00e0xu\u011b le.)<br>It\u2019s snowy.<br>(Points out a change of weather. It wasn\u2019t snowy before, but now it is.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4e94\u70b9\u4e86\u3002(W\u01d4di\u01cen le.)<br>It\u2019s 5 o\u2019clock.<br>(Denotes the change of time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4eca\u5929\u5929\u6674\u4e86\u3002(J\u012bnti\u0101n ti\u0101nq\u00edn\u0261 le.)<br>It\u2019s sunny today.<br>(Indicates a change of weather. It wasn\u2019t sunny before, but now it is.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The negative form of this structure is exactly the same as the last one, simply remove \u4e86 and add either \u6ca1\u6709 or \u6ca1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4e0a\u8bfe\u4e86\u3002\u2192\u6ca1\u4e0a\u8bfe\u3002((Sh\u00e0n\u0261k\u00e8 le \u2192 M\u00e9i sh\u00e0n\u0261k\u00e8)<br>The class has begun. \u2192 Class hasn\u2019t begun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6628\u5929\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u574f\u4e86\u3002\u2192\u6628\u5929\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u6ca1\u574f\u3002<br>(Zu\u00f3ti\u0101n w\u01d2de z\u00ecx\u00edn\u0261ch\u0113 hu\u00e0ile. \u2192 Zu\u00f3ti\u0101n w\u01d2de z\u00ecx\u00edn\u0261ch\u0113 m\u00e9i hu\u00e0i.)<br>My bike broke yesterday.\u2192 My bike did not break yesterday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u2014\u4f60\u5403\u996d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f(N\u01d0 ch\u012bf\u00e0n le m\u0251?) Did you eat already\/Have you eaten?<br>\u2014\u6ca1\u5403\u3002(M\u00e9ich\u012b.) I did not eat yet\/I haven\u2019t eaten yet.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-using-%25e4%25ba%2586-twice-in-one-sentence\"><strong>3. Using \u4e86 twice in one sentence<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>These two use cases can be combined, and the result is a sentence that includes \u4e86twice. These sentences indicate both that an action has been completed and that some change has occurred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s analyze a few examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u533b\u9662\u4e86\u3002(T\u0101 q\u00f9 le y\u012byu\u00e0n le.)<br>He has gone to the hospital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, we\u2019re emphasizing that he has already arrived at the hospital and that his state has changed because he is now a patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u5531\u4e86\u4e00\u9996\u6b4c\u4e86\u3002(W\u01d2 ch\u00e0n\u0261 le y\u00ecsh\u01d2u \u0261\u0113 le.)<br>I sang a song.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this example, the use of \u4e86 tells us that the speaker was not singing before, began singing, and has already finished singing the song.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just like the other two structures, you can create the negative form by omitting both \u4e86 characters and adding \u6ca1\u6709\/\u6ca1. Keep in mind that you don\u2019t need to add \u6ca1\u6709\/\u6ca1 twice, even if \u4e86 was used twice in the original sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">He didn\u2019t go to the hospital.<br><br>\u4ed6\u6ca1\u53bb\u6ca1\u533b\u9662\u3002(T\u0101 m\u00e9iq\u00f9 m\u00e9i y\u012byu\u00e0n.) \uff08\u00d7\uff09<br>\u4ed6\u6ca1\u53bb\u533b\u9662\u3002(T\u0101 m\u00e9iq\u00f9 y\u012byu\u00e0n.) \uff08\u221a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another thing to pay attention to is numbers. If there was a number included in the original sentence, you also need to remove it in the negative form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">I haven\u2019t sung.<br><br>\u6211\u6ca1\u5531\u4e00\u9996\u6b4c\u3002(W\u01d2 m\u00e9i ch\u00e0n\u0261 y\u00ecsh\u01d2u \u0261\u0113.) \uff08\u00d7\uff09<br>\u6211\u6ca1\u5531\u6b4c\u3002(W\u01d2 m\u00e9i ch\u00e0n\u0261\u0261\u0113.) \uff08\u221a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"further-notes\">Further Notes<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>1. If the sentence contains a frequency word,, such as \u6bcf\u5929(m\u011biti\u0101n), \u7ecf\u5e38(j\u012bn\u0261ch\u00e1n\u0261), \u5e38\u5e38(ch\u00e1n\u0261ch\u00e1n\u0261), or \u603b\u662f(z\u01d2n\u0261sh\u00ec), there is no need to use \u4e86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u53bb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u770b\u4e66\u3002(W\u01d2 ch\u00e1n\u0261ch\u00e1n\u0261 q\u00f9 t\u00fash\u016b\u0261u\u01cen k\u00e0nsh\u016b.)<br>I often go to the library to read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Verbs that indicate mental activities like \u60f3(xi\u01cen\u0261), \u8981(y\u00e0o), \u6253\u7b97(d\u01cesu\u0251n), \u5e0c\u671b(x\u012bw\u00e0n\u0261), \u559c\u6b22(x\u01d0hu\u0251n), and \u8ba8\u538c(t\u01ceoy\u00e0n) cannot be followed by&nbsp; \u4e86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u53bb\u4e91\u5357\u65c5\u6e38\u3002(W\u01d2 d\u01cesu\u0251n q\u00f9 Y\u00fann\u00e1n l\u01day\u00f3u.) \uff08\u221a\uff09<br>I plan to travel to Yunnan.<br>\u6211\u6253\u7b97\u53bb\u4e86\u4e91\u5357\u65c5\u6e38\u3002(W\u01d2 d\u01cesu\u0251n q\u00f9le Y\u00fann\u00e1n l\u01day\u00f3u.) \uff08\u00d7\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. To emphasize the continuity or compactness of an ongoing action, it\u2019s common to leave out \u4e86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211<strong>\u8d77<\/strong>\u5e8a<strong>\u7a7f<\/strong>\u597d\u8863\u670d<strong>\u6253<\/strong>\u5f00\u95e8\uff0c\u8d70\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<br>(W\u01d2 q\u01d0chu\u00e1n\u0261 chu\u0101n h\u01ceo y\u012bfu d\u01cek\u0101i m\u00e9n\uff0cz\u01d2u le ch\u016bqu.)<br>I got up and put on my clothes, then opened the door and walked out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. \u4e86 can also be omitted if the speaker wants to emphasize certain adverbs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\"><strong>\u524d\u5929\u5403<\/strong>\u9762\uff0c<strong>\u6628\u5929\u5403<\/strong>\u9762\uff0c<strong>\u4eca\u5929<\/strong>\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3<strong>\u5403<\/strong>\u9762\u3002<br>(Qi\u00e1nti\u0101n ch\u012bmi\u00e0n\uff0czu\u00f3ti\u0101n ch\u012bmi\u00e0n\uff0cj\u012bnti\u0101n w\u01d2 b\u00f9xi\u01cen\u0261 ch\u012bmi\u00e0n.)<br>I don\u2019t want to eat noodles today because I had them yesterday and the day before that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. If a sentence contains a modal verb before the main verb, \u4e86 can only be added at the end of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u80fd\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\u3002(W\u01d2 n\u00e9n\u0261 shu\u014d h\u00e0ny\u01d4.)I can speak Chinese. \uff08\u221a\uff09<br>*\u6211\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e86\u6c49\u8bed\u3002(W\u01d2 n\u00e9n\u0261 shu\u014d le h\u00e0ny\u01d4.)\uff08\u00d7\uff09<br>\u6211\u80fd\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\u4e86\u3002((W\u01d2 n\u00e9n\u0261 shu\u014d h\u00e0ny\u01d4 le.)I can speak Chinese. \uff08\u221a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. If the sentence contains a repeated monosyllabic verb, \u4e86 should be placed between the repeated verbs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E.g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u6211\u95fb\u4e86\u95fb\u8fd9\u76d2\u725b\u5976\u3002(W\u01d2 w\u00e9n le w\u00e9n zh\u00e8 h\u00e9 ni\u00fan\u01cei.)<br>I smelled this carton of milk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"custom_example_style\">\u4ed6\u60f3\u4e86\u60f3\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u3002(T\u0101 xi\u01cen\u0261 le xi\u01cen\u0261 w\u01d2de hu\u00e0.)<br>He thought about my words.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, \u4e86 (le) is a common grammar particle used in Mandarin Chinese to indicate the completion of actions or a change of state. Its position in a sentence can also impact its meaning. This is often one of the grammar points that students struggle with the most because it does not have a direct English equivalent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Being able to use this word correctly unlocks a whole new level of nuance in your speech and brings you one step closer to eventual fluency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=index-585.html class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download>Download PDF Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learning Chinese as an English speaker comes with many unique challenges: vocabulary, syntax, and tense to name a few. The auxiliary particle \u4e86(le) is a common point of confusion for non-native Chinese students because it can serve a few different purposes in Chinese grammar. It can be difficult to grasp both when it should be&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":8255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,176],"tags":[77,7,93,78,80],"post_series":[],"class_list":["post-8251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn-mandarin-online","category-usage","tag-beginner","tag-grammar","tag-how-to-use","tag-intermediate","tag-self-study","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Comprehensive Guide to Using &quot;\u4e86&quot; Correctly in Chinese<\/title>\n
<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=index-116.html \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Comprehensive Guide to Using &quot;\u4e86&quot; Correctly in Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learning Chinese as an English speaker comes with many unique challenges: vocabulary, syntax, and tense to name a few. The auxiliary particle \u4e86(le) is a common point of confusion for non-native Chinese students because it can serve a few different purposes in Chinese grammar. 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