In order to help give your own answers an authentic air of enigma, here are four ways to say “roughly speaking”, “about” or “probably” in Mandarin:

(Besides, you can also check the detailed explanation video about the use of 应该as well as more HSK3 related grammar tutorial videos at here.)

1. 左右 (zuǒyòu)

左右 literally means “left right”, which is a fun way to express “around about”. Add this word after your response to emphasize it’s an approximation.

她十岁左右.
(Tā shí suì zuǒyòu.)
She’s 10 years old, give or take.

那个箱子很重，八十公斤左右.
(Nà ge xiāngzi hěn zhòng, bāshí gōngjīn zuǒyòu.)
That box is heavy, about 80kg.

2. 大概 (dàgài)

大概 includes the character 概/gài, which means “general” or “approximate”. It’s mostly interchangeable with左右 and means “around about” and also “probably”. Note that you use it before the object of your approximation.

(那儿) 离这儿大概有二十分钟车程.
((Nà’er) lí zhè’er dàgài yǒu èrshí fēnzhōng chēchéng.)
It’s probably a 20-minute drive from here (to there).

她大概已经晚了三十分钟。
(Tā dàgài yǐjīng wǎnle sānshí fēnzhōng.)
She’s already about half an hour late.

这大概是件好事.
(Zhè dàgài shì jiàn hǎoshì.)
This is probably a good thing.

3. 应该 (yīnggāi)

This is a great word for when you’re really not ready to commit to a yes, no or exact response! 应该 means “ought to be” or “should be about”. Warning: In my experience, if you hear this word used as reassurance, such as “It’s probably going to be OK”, it might actually be a hint that all is NOT fine…

问题不大。应该就快好了
(Wèntí bù dà. Yīnggāi jiù kuài hǎole.)
It’s not a big problem. It ought to be fixed shortly.

应该可以.
(Yīnggāi kěyǐ.)
You should be able to do that / It’s probably OK。

他应该快到了.
(Tā yīnggāi kuài dàole.)
He’ll probably arrive soon.

4. 前后 (qiánhòu)

This is a word that indicates that the time given is “around about” or  a during a period of time. For example:

宝宝的预产期是四月9号前后。
(Bǎobao de yùchǎnqí shì sì yuè 9 hào qiánhòu.)
The baby is due around April 9^th

我们预计新店会在六月前后开业。
(Wǒmen yùjì xīndiàn huì zài liù yuè qiánhòu kāiyè.)
We anticipate the new shop will open around June.

So that’s it, 左右! Please try out these phrases and see how they work for you. I hope it’s of help as you navigate the sometimes confusing, always engaging, wonderful world of Mandarin.

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1. to permit; to yield
2. to make someone do/feel something; to have someone do something.

Tackling these different definitions “in the wild” can be more than a little confusing for learners. But then, that’s Mandarin; we don’t learn it because it’s simple.

Below are examples of 让 in action, to help demonstrate how it’s used in both senses of the word.

To let; to yield; to permit

• 请让一下。
  (Qǐng ràng yíxià.)
  Let me pass, please.

• 让你的弟弟看一下。
  (Ràng nǐ de dìdi kàn yíxià.)
  Let your little brother have a look!

• 让我想一想。
  (Ràng wǒ xiǎng yì xiǎng.)
  Let me have a think.

To make; to have someone to something:

• 我的 新教练让我做两百个俯卧撑。
  (Wǒ de xīn jiàoliàn ràng wǒ zuò liǎng bǎi ge fǔwòchēng.)
  My new personal trainer made me do 200 push ups!

• 他们的老板又让他们加班了。真辛苦。
  (Tāmen de lǎobǎn yòu ràng tāmen jiābān le. Zhēn xīnkǔ.)
  Their boss made them do overtime again. So hardgoing.

• 妈妈老是让我帮她洗碗。
  (Māma lǎoshì ràng wǒ bāng tā xǐ wǎn.)
  Mum always makes me help her wash the dishes

• 请让保洁员今天把窗户都擦干净。
  (Qǐng ràng bǎojiéyuán jīntiān bǎ chuānghu dōu cā gānjìng.)
  Please have the cleaner wash all the windows today.

To make someone feel a certain way:

• 他让我这么生气
  (Tā ràng wǒ zhème shēngqì·)
  He makes me so angry!
• 你又让我觉得开心了
  (Nǐ yòu ràng wǒ juédé kāixīn le.)
  You made me feel happy again (i.e. I wasn’t happy, now I am)

As you can see: context is king.

In most cases you can guess the meaning of 让. For example, no one is going to complain that their personal trainer “let” them do 200 push-ups. Obviously here the meaning is “to make”, which is an imperative.

Like with any new vocab, understanding the proper use of 让is just a question of listening and practicing… thenlistening and practicing some more!

You can learn also a lot from how native Mandarin speakers use the English word “let”. You may notice that when speaking English, they use “let” to mean both “to yield” and “to make”– an interesting back-to-front way to learn how 让 covers both meanings in Mandarin!

For any questions, feel free to comment and contact me!

(For more information, you can also check the specific explanation video about “the Pivotal Sentence of 使” and ”让” at HSK grammar tutorial course. )

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In the dictionary, there are multiple meanings given, including “dot”, “point”, a “small amount”. In terms of etymology, 点 is derived from the traditional character 點, which is composed of黑 (meaning “black”) plus占 (the phonetic part).

So点 was first used to mean “black dot”, but how is it applied in everyday language today?
This post covers 10 key uses of the character点, to help you navigate Mandarin’s maze of little black points and dots…

Used as a dot or point

1. Chinese calligraphy

点 is used to describe the dot stroke in Chinese writing, along with other strokes that make up Chinese characters.

2. O’clock

点钟 means “o’clock” (think of a point on the clock). For example:

现在是三点钟.

(Xiànzài shì sān diǎn zhōng. )

It’s 3 o’clock.

3. .com

Little black dots are everywhere in the online world! For example, you could say:

网站地址是www 点 speakupchinese 点 com

The website address is www.speakupchinese.com

4. A point of discussion or a point in time

Just in English, in Mandarin you can use the idea of a point to mean an article or argument for discussion or a stage in time. For example:

就这点来看，我们必须采取行动而不只是谈论.

(Jiù zhè diǎn lái kàn, wǒmen bìxū cǎiqǔ xíngdòng ér bù zhǐshì tánlùn.)

At this point, we must take action not just talk.

我们下次会议对这点问题讨论吧.

(Wǒmen xià cì huìyì duì zhè diǎn wèntí tǎolùn ba.)

Let’s discuss this point during the next meeting.

Used to mean “a little bit”

5. 一点点 (yī diǎn diǎn)

This means a little bit; a smidgen. For example:

Q. 你会说汉语吗？

(Nǐ huì shuō hànyǔ ma?)

Can you speak Chinese?

A. 会一点点!

(Huì yī diǎndiǎn!)

Yes, a little bit!

6. 一点 (yī diǎn)

Adding一点 after certain adjectives is used in making comparisons or requesting something, i.e. to be bit earlier or cheaper etc.

你比我高一点.

(Nǐ bǐ wǒ gāo yīdiǎn.)

You’re a bit taller than me.

这个菜好一点.

(Zhège cài hǎo yīdiǎn.)

This food is better.

你能便宜一点儿吗?

(Nǐ néng piányi yīdiǎnr ma?)

Can you give it to me a bit cheaper?

明天可以来早一点吗？

(Míngtiān kěyǐ lái zǎo yīdiǎn ma?)

Tomorrow can you come a bit earlier?

7. 有点 (yǒu diǎn)

Add有点 before an adjective to emphasize that something is a unwelcome or a problem, implying it’s just a bit too much to be good. For example:

我有点不舒服.

(Wǒ yǒudiǎn bú shūfú.)

I’m a bit uncomfortable.

他有点不客气

(Tā yǒudiǎn bù kèqì.)

He’s a bit rude.

外面有点冷

(Wàimiàn yǒudiǎn lěng.)

Outside it’s a bit too cold.

8. 差点 (chà diǎn)

差点 literally means “lacking a bit” and is used to mean “nearly”, “almost” or “barely”. For example:

她太生气了，差点失去了冷静。

(Tā tài shēngqìle, chàdiǎn shīqùle lěngjìng.)

She was so angry, she almost lost her cool.

这次考试我差点得了满分！99%

(Zhè cì kǎoshì wǒ chàdiǎn déliǎo mǎnfēn! 99%)

I had a near perfect score in the test! 99%.

我差点笑死过去。

(Wǒ chàdiǎn xiào sǐ guòqù.)

I almost died I was laughing so much!

Other uses

9. As a measure word

点 is also used as a measure word, especially when referring to a small amount or “a bit” of something (as distinct from a countable amounts). For example:

他给了我一点建议.

(Tā gěile wǒ yīdiǎn jiànyì.)

He gave me a bit of advice

我有一点儿东西要给你.

(Wǒ yǒu yīdiǎn er dōngxi yào gěi nǐ.)

I have some little things I’d like to give to you.

10. 点菜 (diǎn cài)

点菜 means “to order food”. I consulted the Speak Up Chinese teachers about what ordering food has got to do with “black dots”. No one was able to find a clear answer – maybe pointing at food? Either way, here’s how you use it:

服务员我们要点菜.

(Fúwùyuán wǒmen yàodiǎn cài.)

Waiter, we’d like to order.

你们想再点哪个菜？

(Nǐmen xiǎng zài diǎn nǎgè cài?)

Which dish would you guys like to order more of?

There are so many uses for the word点 – too many to cover in one blog post – but hopefully this has given you some insight into the meaning of this commonly occurring little character. If in doubt, just remember that this character generally refers to small amounts, points or dots, and work from there!

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What’s the latest on the U.S. presidential election campaign?

Did you see the fashions on display at the Shanghai Fashion Week?

Daily conversation so commonly revolves around the newest, the latest and what’s trending – whether it’s politics, world news, gossip from the office, or the latest Star Wars movie.

Confusingly, Mandarin has a number of words that translate to “latest”. This post aims to help demonstrate the difference between four of the most common ways.

Note: three of the four words below use the character 新 (new), while the other uses 时 (time). Read on to learn which word to use, when.

最新 (zuìxīn)

Literally translating to “most new”, 最新is a versatile word, broadly used to mean exactly that. Examples:

这是不是文件最新的版本？
(Zhè shìbushì wénjiàn zuìxīn de bǎnběn?)
Is this the latest version of this document?

告诉我吧， 最新的公司流言是什么?!
(Gàosù wǒ ba, zuìxīn de gōngsī liúyán shì shénme?!)
Tell me, what is the latest office gossip?!

我只有兴趣学习最新的技巧.
(Wǒ zhǐyǒu xìngqù xuéxí zuìxīn de jìqiǎo.)
I am only interested in learning the latest techniques.

这本书是笔者最新的吗?
(Zhè běn shū shì bǐzhě zuìxīn de ma?)
Is that the author’s latest book?

新款 (xīnkuǎn)

Another useful one, 新款 translates to “new style” and is typically used to describe the new or latest model, style or version of a product. Examples:

她总是买新款爱疯。真的是个果粉啊！
(Tā zǒngshì mǎi xīnkuǎn ài fēng. Zhēn de shì ge Guǒ fěn a!)
She always buys the latest iPhone. She really is an Apple fan!

你看那辆新款奔驰。那么好看！
(Nǐ kàn nàliàng xīnkuǎn bēnchí. Nàme hǎokàn!)
Wow, look at the latest Mercedes over there. Gorgeous!

我爱耐克的新款跑鞋。
(Wǒ ài Nàikè de xīnkuǎn pǎoxié.)
I love the new-style Nike running shoes.

新式 (xīnshì)

新式 refers to a new or latest type, as distinct from just a new version, and can be used to describe something that is generally up-to-date. Examples:

他们的厨房尽是最新式的器具.
(Tāmen de chúfáng jìn shì zuì xīnshì de qìjù.)
Their kitchen is full of the latest gadgets.

医院的设备都是新式的。
(Yīyuàn de shèbèi dōu shì xīnshì de.)
The hospital equipment was all up-to-date.

时髦 (shímáo) or 时装 (shízhuāng)

Our fourth “latest” word refers to the latest in fashion. There are in fact two words to choose from here: 时髦, which means “fashionable” generally, or 时装, which refers specifically to fashionable clothes. Examples:

她只买时髦的衣服给女儿穿
(Tā zhǐ mǎi shímáo de yīfú gěi nǚ’ér chuān.)
She buys only the most fashionable clothes for her daughter.

她只买时装给女儿穿。
(Tā zhǐ mǎi shízhuāng gěi nǚ’ér chuān.)
She buys only the most fashionable clothes for her daughter.

The differences between these Mandarin words for “latest” are subtle but distinct. To become comfortable using them correctly, as with any new vocabulary, practice whenever you can and listen out for them used in context.

Lastly, it’s worth noting that in English we also say “at the latest time”, an entirely separate meaning of the word “latest”. This is not covered here but if you wanted to say that, it would be最迟 (zuìchí). For example, “你最迟几点能来?”(Nǐ zuìchí jǐdiǎn néng lái ?) “When is the latest time that you can come?”.

Should you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comments here and one of the Speak Up Chinese teachers will gladly help.

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This got me thinking about my Mandarin studies, and how I’ve fared this year so far. My efforts were pretty solid at the beginning. Then I had a baby in April and progress took a nosedive. Chronic sleep deprivation left me in a zombie-like state and with zero short-term memory. I confess, my studies came to a standstill.

It’s easy to get stuck in a rut or lose momentum with learning languages – especially if you meet a plateau or life gets busy.

This post is all about how we can refocus, get out of that study rut, and push through to end 2015 with a bang. Below are three strategies I’d recommend if you’re serious about meeting your goals:

1. Re-motivate yourself!

If you’ve been feeling like you’re losing steam, it’s time to get excited about learning again.

a. Remind yourself of the reasons why you picked up this crazy, beautiful language! What do you enjoy about learning and/or using Mandarin? Write down those reasons if it helps – clear bullet points that you can pin up somewhere.

b. Look at how far you have come! Perhaps commit to spending 10 minutes this evening listening to a podcast, chatting with a Chinese-speaking friend, or reading some text that you studied at the start of the year. Even if you’re not quite where you’d like to be, you’ve probably progressed and retained more than you’d think – and that’s motivating!

c. Get a professional evaluation of your level and give you feedback. Many of the free trial classes offered by online teaching services include an evaluation reports. Speaking to a professional about where you are and where you want to be can be very inspiring.

d. Remember to reward your EFFORTS and PERSEVERANCE – not just RESULTS. I wrote a post about this in January. It would be overwhelming and disheartening if you were to focus just on the ultimate goal (i.e. fluency). Instead, celebrate the mini victories (mastering 10 new characters!) and reward each study effort (chocolate!).

2. Rewire your HABIT LOOPS

OK, so you’re going to “reward your efforts”. Sounds good, but how do you ensure you get some study in before rewarding yourself with chocolate, especially if you’re in the habit of eating it anyway?

This is where you need to rewire your habits.

We are all creatures of habit – creatures of multiple “habit loops” to be precise.

A habit loop is a term coined by Charles Duhigg, author of The Power of Habit. These neurological loops compose of a cue, the habit itself, and the reward. For example, a cue could be the first Facebook or email notifications you see in the morning. The habit is reacting by opening your phone and scrolling aimlessly while pouring your morning coffee. The reward is a little relaxation and amusement before work… plus a nice morning caffeine buzz. A classic habit loop right there.

The interesting thing about habit loops is that they quickly turn into cravings. So, eventually, you wake up and look for those cute little red notifications on your phone, turning straight to coffee and Facebook to start your day.

The good news is it is entirely possible to tweak this habit loop to boost your language learning.

In this instance, you want to swap Facebook with Mandarin study as the habit. The best way is to keep the reward as similar as possible. So if you’re looking for light entertainment first thing in the morning, choose a learning method you find engaging (watch videos, listen to a podcast, take an online lesson – whatever). Continue to sip your coffee too, of course.

To ensure you actually make this swap, be sure that the correct cues are in place. Turn OFF your Facebook notification sounds and messages on your phone and email, and set up a daily calendar notification so you get an alarm first thing that prompts you to open Skitter or attend your online lesson etc.

You may even find that when you tweak one habit loop you’ll likely feel motivated to continue learning during the rest of your day.

3. Plan Ahead

The Holiday period is a busy time of year. So how can you be sure to fit in the study you need during these last three months when you’ve got work events, social commitments and family obligations?

A bit of planning can help massively, especially if you have a specific or measurable goal in mind (preparing for an HSK test, for example). Try blocking time in your diary for study a week in advance, and be sure to choose times when you usually have focus and energy. If that means committing to 1 or 2 tutoring sessions each week to get you where you need to be, it’s probably worth budgeting for that. If we can find time for parties and find cash for drinks, we can do the same for our Mandarin, right?

None of these techniques are new or revolutionary but they can be very effective. We have just over 3 months to fill with Mandarin and make 2015 count.

I’m going to start by listening to a podcast when I’m feeding my daughter in the mornings, instead of reading parenting forums (bad habit loop!). How about you?

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I witnessed this earlier this month in the South of France, at a tiny non-descript restaurant by the sea that has recently started serving Chinese tourists on a very regular basis. My waitress confessed that she often felt frustrated because she had no idea how to talk with her Chinese customers.

Whether for use at an office, shop or restaurant, to learn some Mandarin is a wise move. A large proportion of Chinese in their 20s and 30s have decent English (if only written), but to have some basics can help put everyone at ease and build long-lasting relationships. As Nelson Mandela famously said: “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.”

This post covers some essential basic phrases for talking with your customers in Mandarin Chinese:

Are there any other phrases that you would find helpful? Feel free to let us know in the comments!

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No one wants to get sick or have an accident, but it happens – and as a foreigner in China it’s always good to be prepared. Below I’ve recounted my experience of breaking my elbow in China, plus some practical language and advice for visiting the hospital. I just hope you don’t need to draw on any of it!

In November 2010, I dislocated and broke my elbow in the middle of the Hangzhou mountain marathon.
Just a short way into the race, I tripped on a tree root and proceeded to tumble down a rocky trail. Initially, I didn’t realize my elbow was broken. I wasn’t in excruciating pain and somehow the joint popped back with a bit of pressure so my elbow could bend and extend normally. After collecting myself and taking some 芬必得 / fēn bìděi (a brand of Ibuprofen), I continued tentatively and completed the 26-mile run with my friend.
Only the next morning did the discomfort and immobility hit me. As soon as I was back in Shanghai, the hospital visits began…

Getting Treatment (3 hospitals, various opinions!)

Horrified that I hadn’t already seen a doctor in Hangzhou, my boyfriend took me directly to the international wing at 华山医院 / Huàshān Yīyuàn (Huashan Hospital). After registering and getting an x-ray, they sent me down to get a plaster cast (pictured below).

I’d never broken any bones before so I wasn’t sure what to expect, but treatment seemed pretty standard up to that point. Then, however, the doctor told me he was concerned about the severe nature of the break and that it might be best to do an MRI scan. I might even need an operation.

Back at work, my Chinese colleagues insisted I should get another opinion before doing any scans, and one very kindly went with me first thing the next morning to上海第九人民医院 / Shànghǎi dì jiǔ rénmín yīyuàn / Shanghai People’s #9 Hospital. It’s less “foreigner-friendly” in that there’s no English spoken and the facilities are more basic, but it specializes in broken bones. Once there, I had to register and wait among a restless crowd outside the doctors’ offices. Eventually we saw a doctor who had the kind of wizened lines on her face and matter-of-fact temperament to suggest she had had many years of experience working in public hospitals. She was great! After inspecting my x-rays she concluded that I should just keep the cast on for 6 weeks. All would be fine. I didn’t need an operation.

Having received that reassuring advice, I made a final stop at one of Shanghai’s international hospitals, Parkway Health, to get my plaster cast re-done, since the original one was not secure. The new cast was much better but then, exasperatingly, the doctor I saw at Parkway started talking about operations. I was so confused, and it was difficult to know who to trust. Did I need an operation or not?!

In the end I decided to just bring forward my Christmas trip home, where the UK’s public health service confirmed no operation was necessary. I had the cast removed after 4 weeks and started physiotherapy directly. It all turned out OK, and I was running again a month after. In total I spent between 5-6,000RMB, with all 3 visits, an X-ray, and 2 plaster casts. My insurance was very basic at that time, so I had to pay for it all out of pocket. However, it was quite reasonable considering (at least compared with medical costs in other countries, such as the USA).

Conclusions

I should mention that my tale is just one person’s and is not intended to be representative of all hospital experiences in China! Nonetheless, here are some conclusions I took away:

1. Don’t go it alone
   Even if you speak perfect Chinese, go to the hospital with a Chinese-speaking friend. If you’re really in a bad way, you will need them to help you register and go pay upfront for any treatments and medicine (you will not be seen or treated until you have paid at the pharmacy).Besides this, in China, generally speaking, doctors & nurses practice medicine, while your family (or friends) are the ones who will get you food, take care of your general well-being and act as your advocate. At first this was a shock to me, but I have seen it in action and it works well in the Chinese context.
2. Get a second (or third!) opinion
   It’s best to be wary of seemingly excessive orders for scans, tests and treatments. Do not blindly assume you actually need all these. It’s like anywhere in the world: get a second opinion and be confident before jumping into expensive treatments– this is where your Chinese friends are invaluable; they can help navigate for you.
3. There are plenty of excellent doctors in China
   Despite the conflicting advice re. surgery, I did feel that the doctors I saw were all very competent. I would just stress that it’s worth considering China’s specialized practices, like I did at People’s #9 Hospital, rather than always going to a general practice. In a separate episode, I had to be treated for acute hyperthyroidism and I received excellent treatment at the specialized practice I visited. It was arguably less “foreigner-friendly” but I was in the very good hands of a doctor who genuinely cared about my recovery.

Useful Vocab & Phrases for Hospital Visits

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As well as focusing on specific lesson content, however, there is valuable learning to be done during those in-between moments during class – everything from small talk with your teacher to responding to specific instructions.

Below is a list of useful phrases for communicating with your teacher during an online Chinese class. Master these, and you’ll be equipped to keep your Mandarin flowing, without reverting to English as much (great for general confidence and fluency building).

PHRASES YOUR TEACHER MIGHT SAY TO YOU:

PHRASES YOU MIGHT SAY TO YOUR TEACHER:

Practice these phrases in your Chinese class and you will begin to see your Chinese improve over time. We hope you take note of these phrases and make good use of them. Best of luck with your Chinese learning and keep practicing!

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As a foreigner in China, it’s likely you’ll be invited to join your公司年会 / gōngsī nián huì (company annual meeting). If you have a close Chinese friend or partner, you might even be invited to a团圆饭 / tuányuán fàn (the New Year’s Eve family reunion).

To equip you for both scenarios, we’ve put together some handy phrases, plus a few cultural tidbits.

公司年会 / gōngsī nián huì / Company Annual Meeting

The general purpose of the 公司年会 is to celebrate the past Lunar year of business, and look forward to the next. Speeches will be made to summarize the company’s achievements and plans, and to recognize outstanding employees. There may be a lucky draw and, very often, there’ll be a whole program of dancing, singing and other performances. You may well be roped into getting up on stage too, so be prepared to get involved!

Useful phrases for公司年会:

年夜饭/ niányè fàn / Chinese New Year’s Eve Family Meal

The 年夜饭/ niányè fàn or团圆饭/ tuányuán fàn is held on Chinese New Year’s Eve with the family (团圆饭 is literally “reunion meal”). It’s a leisurely paced meal either at home or in a restaurant, with an array of dishes, lots of chatting and general family fun. Everyone, including kids, then stays up until midnight to see in the new Lunar Year and set off a storm of firecrackers (the tradition is to use the loud bangs to scare off evil spirits from the New Year).

Useful phrases for年夜饭:

Any particular etiquette to watch out for during these celebrations?

• Let senior members sit and start eating first.
• When you clink glasses with others, your cup edge should be lower than others’. This is to show your respect.
• Gifts are customary at the年夜饭, so bring along fruit (such as apples, which symbolize peace and safety), wine, or tea.
• You’ll want to prepare 红包 / hóngbāo for the kids, which are the red envelopes containing cash.

Don’t worry about getting it all right though! As a 外宾 / wàibīn (foreign guest), you’ll find Chinese are very hospitable and grateful for any amount of effort you make to join in.

Embrace the feasting and the firecrackers, and enjoy. 新年快乐!

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